This essay is divided into five parts. In the first (Hypatia, or the Partisan Spirit of the Alexandrians), the author reconstructs the circumstances of Hypatia’s life and death from the writings of Suida, Hesychius of Miletus, Damascius, Socrates Scholasticus, John of Nikiu and others) in the context of the violent upheavals and ideological and religious strife in 4th and 5th century Egypt. The second section (Hypatia’s Influence) analyses the enormous fortune Hypatia’s character and circumstances had in European literature and thought from the 17th to 19th centuries (from Voltaire to Monti, John Toland to Diodata Saluzzo Roero), despite the different perspectives adopted in Protestant and Catholic cultures, Enlightenment circles, and Romantic currents. In the third part (The Judgment and Prejudice of the Sources), given the existence of two versions of the Hypatia affair - one Christian and one pagan - each then interpreted in a moderate or fundamentalist key, the author highlights the idealising traits attributed to the figure of Hypatia in the sources, and the ideological background of their development. The fourth section of the essay (Synesius, Hypatis, and “Philosophia”) investigates in more depth Hypatia’s study and teaching, especially through the testimony of her pupil, Synesius. Hypatia’s interest in "geometry" and astronomy, and the exotericism - along with theurgic elements - of some aspects of her teaching, suggest the attribution of a complementary and dominant priestly charisma to her character as scientist and philosopher. The genre of philosophia she cultivated must form part of the relationship between women and the sacred, in line with the concept of female pre-eminence within the sphere of the super-rational, which is an legacy of the spirituality of Late Antiquity. It is in light of these considerations that the author evaluates, in the concluding part of the essay, Hypatia’s “martyrdom.” Both Christian and Pagan accusations, converging on her executioner, Bishop Cyril, confirm, on the one hand, his responsibility in the brutal murder – still unacknowledged by the Catholic Church - and on the other, contribute paradoxically to the Christian transfiguration of Hypatia, cancelling out the concrete political and social connotations of her life and experience.
Il saggio si divide in cinque parti. Nella prima («Ipazia, o della faziosità degli Alessandrini») la vita e la morte di Ipazia vengono ricostruite (attraverso le notizie di Suida, Esichio di Mileto, Damascio, Socrate Scolastico, Giovanni di Nikiu et al.) nel contesto delle violente agitazioni e degli scontri ideologici e religiosi nell'Egitto del IV e V secolo. La seconda sezione (La fortuna di Ipazia) analizza la grande fortuna che la figura e la vicenda di Ipazia riscossero nella letteratura e nel pensiero europeo tra Seicento e Ottocento (da Voltaire a Monti, da John Toland a Diodata Saluzzo Roero), pur nelle diverse prospettive assunte in area protestante e in area cattolica, in campo illuminista o nelle correnti romantiche. Nella terza parte (Giudizio e pregiudizio delle fonti), constatata l'esistenza di due versioni della vicenda di Ipazia, una cristiana e una pagana, ciascuna delle quali declinata in chiave moderata o oltranzista, si rilevano i tratti idealizzanti attribuiti, nelle fonti, alla sua figura, e il retroterra ideologico del loro formarsi. La quarta parte del saggio (Sinesio, Ipazia e la «philosophia») approfondisce l'indagine sugli studi e sull'attività didattica di Ipazia, soprattutto attraverso le testimonianze del suo allievo Sinesio. L’interesse di Ipazia per la "geometria" e l’astronomia, ma anche l'esoterismo di parte del suo insegnamento e gli elementi teurgici che vi si colgono, inducono ad attribuire alla sua figura di scienziata e filosofa un complementare e dominante carisma sacerdotale: il genere di philosophia del quale fu cultrice deve inquadrarsi nel rapporto fra la donna e il sacro, coerentemente con quella concezione della preminenza femminile nell'ambito soprarazionale che è lascito della spiritualità tardoantica. È alla luce di queste considerazioni che si valuta, nella parte conclusiva del saggio, il «martirio» di Ipazia. Le accuse convergenti, da parte pagana e cristiana, sul suo carnefice, il vescovo Cirillo, da un lato confermano la sua responsabilità nel selvaggio assassinio, pur negata finora dalla chiesa cattolica, e d’altro lato paradossalmente concorrono alla trasfigurazione cristiana della donna, obliterando la connotazione concretamente politica e sociale della sua vicenda.
Ronchey, S. (1994). Ipazia, l'intellettuale. In A.FRASCHETTI (a cura di), Roma al femminile (pp. 213-258). Bari : Laterza.
Ipazia, l'intellettuale
RONCHEY, SILVIA
1994-01-01
Abstract
This essay is divided into five parts. In the first (Hypatia, or the Partisan Spirit of the Alexandrians), the author reconstructs the circumstances of Hypatia’s life and death from the writings of Suida, Hesychius of Miletus, Damascius, Socrates Scholasticus, John of Nikiu and others) in the context of the violent upheavals and ideological and religious strife in 4th and 5th century Egypt. The second section (Hypatia’s Influence) analyses the enormous fortune Hypatia’s character and circumstances had in European literature and thought from the 17th to 19th centuries (from Voltaire to Monti, John Toland to Diodata Saluzzo Roero), despite the different perspectives adopted in Protestant and Catholic cultures, Enlightenment circles, and Romantic currents. In the third part (The Judgment and Prejudice of the Sources), given the existence of two versions of the Hypatia affair - one Christian and one pagan - each then interpreted in a moderate or fundamentalist key, the author highlights the idealising traits attributed to the figure of Hypatia in the sources, and the ideological background of their development. The fourth section of the essay (Synesius, Hypatis, and “Philosophia”) investigates in more depth Hypatia’s study and teaching, especially through the testimony of her pupil, Synesius. Hypatia’s interest in "geometry" and astronomy, and the exotericism - along with theurgic elements - of some aspects of her teaching, suggest the attribution of a complementary and dominant priestly charisma to her character as scientist and philosopher. The genre of philosophia she cultivated must form part of the relationship between women and the sacred, in line with the concept of female pre-eminence within the sphere of the super-rational, which is an legacy of the spirituality of Late Antiquity. It is in light of these considerations that the author evaluates, in the concluding part of the essay, Hypatia’s “martyrdom.” Both Christian and Pagan accusations, converging on her executioner, Bishop Cyril, confirm, on the one hand, his responsibility in the brutal murder – still unacknowledged by the Catholic Church - and on the other, contribute paradoxically to the Christian transfiguration of Hypatia, cancelling out the concrete political and social connotations of her life and experience.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.