The essay examines the issue of the Italian Catholics’ attitude towards the alliance with Nazi Germany according to the many available sources (Police reports, Bishops’ documents, Catholic press, personal letters). The issue divided historians into two contrasting trends: according to the first one, the Axis was the main factor that alienated Catholic sympathies from Fascism; according to the second, the Catholics remained loyal to the Fascist regime up to military defeat in 1942-1943 and this excludes every relevant role of the “Axis” factor. It may seem paradoxical, but both ways of looking at the issue are as well excessive in their radicalism as, at least partially, true. If we look at the divisions among Catholics, at the different phases of the war and at the role of the theme of the Axis in the Catholic participation to the Fascist war, we may conclude that most Catholics, even though they were strongly nationalists and pro-Fascists, did not really ever consent to the same idea of a “War of the Axis”.
Il saggio prende in esame sulla base delle numerose fonti disponibili (carte della polizia, documenti dei vescovi, prese di posizione della stampa cattolica, carteggi personali) la questione dell’atteggiamento dei cattolici verso l’alleanza con la Germania nazista. Sul tema la storiografia è divisa tra due interpretazioni del tutto alternative: secondo la prima, l’Asse rappresentò l’elemento principale che alienò la simpatia cattolica verso il fascismo; secondo la seconda, invece, i cattolici, avrebbero mantenuto un sostanziale allineamento al regime fino al delinearsi della sconfitta militare del 1942-1943, il che escluderebbe dunque una importanza decisiva dell’elemento Asse. Può sembrare paradossale, ma entrambi i modi di impostare la questione appaiono tanto eccessivi nella loro radicalità quanto, in parte almeno, veri. Se infatti si considerano i nodi della divisione interna dei cattolici, delle differenze tra le diverse fasi della guerra e del ruolo che il tema dell’Asse ha nella partecipazione cattolica alla guerra fascista, si può concludere che fu proprio la prospettiva di una «guerra dell’”Asse”» che la stragrande maggioranza dei cattolici, pur schierata su posizioni nazionaliste e filo-fasciste, non accettò mai realmente.
Moro, R. (2010). Die italienischen Katholiken und der Krieg der «Achse». In O.G.A. KLINKHAMMER L. (a cura di), Die «Achse» im Krieg. Politik, Ideologie und Kriegführung, 1939-1945 (pp. 273-290). PADERBORN-MÜNCHEN-WIEN-ZÜRICH : Schöningh.
Die italienischen Katholiken und der Krieg der «Achse»
MORO, Renato
2010-01-01
Abstract
The essay examines the issue of the Italian Catholics’ attitude towards the alliance with Nazi Germany according to the many available sources (Police reports, Bishops’ documents, Catholic press, personal letters). The issue divided historians into two contrasting trends: according to the first one, the Axis was the main factor that alienated Catholic sympathies from Fascism; according to the second, the Catholics remained loyal to the Fascist regime up to military defeat in 1942-1943 and this excludes every relevant role of the “Axis” factor. It may seem paradoxical, but both ways of looking at the issue are as well excessive in their radicalism as, at least partially, true. If we look at the divisions among Catholics, at the different phases of the war and at the role of the theme of the Axis in the Catholic participation to the Fascist war, we may conclude that most Catholics, even though they were strongly nationalists and pro-Fascists, did not really ever consent to the same idea of a “War of the Axis”.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.