Bessarion’s love for Venice, which he considered quasi alterum Byzantium, materialised in his library donation to establish a state public library in the city. However, the Bessarion donation, the nucleus of the future Marcian Library, remained inaccessible for over eighty years beyond the Nicene Cardinal’s death. This confirms the general diffidence of at least a part of the Venetian aristocracy toward Bessarion as well as his plan to “save Byzantium in the West.” This attitude is borne out also in the iconography of Bessarion: the Venetian portraits of the cardinal, in primis the most well-known by Gentile Bellini, reveal a grotesque image, almost a caricature. The images captured in portraits produced in the “friendly” courts of Rome, Naples, Urbino, where Bessarion resided in old-age, and Ferrara, source of more youthful portrayals, seem to be more accurate. The sequence of depictions of the cardinal originated in these four courts offer comparison of his physiognomy, especially that of his most characteristic feature: his nose, perhaps deformed in later years by swelling caused by an infectious disease. If the iconography of Bessarion’s nose – sometimes grotesquely exaggerated, sometimes refined – on the one hand makes it difficult to establish a reliable identikit, on the other most certainly reflects the changeable attitudes towards him of the patrons of the paintings. The essay includes plates with reproductions of some of the portraits mentioned in the text.
L’amore di Bessarione per Venezia, da lui considerata quasi alterum Byzantium, si concretizzò nella donazione libraria volta a insediare nella città una biblioteca statale e pubblica. Il lascito bessarioneo, che avrebbe costituito il nucleo della futura Biblioteca Marciana, rimase tuttavia inaccessibile per oltre ottant’anni dopo la morte del cardinale Niceno, il che conferma la tendenziale diffidenza di una parte almeno dell’aristocrazia veneziana nei confronti della figura di Bessarione così come del progetto da lui coltivato di un «salvataggio occidentale di Bisanzio». Questo atteggiamento si riverberò anche sull’iconografia bessarionea: i ritratti veneziani di Bessarione, in primis quello notissimo di Gentile Bellini, ne restituiscono un’immagine grottesca, quasi caricaturale. Più fededegna appare invece l’immagine serbata nei ritratti espressi dalle corti “amiche” di Roma, Napoli, Urbino – dove Bessarione operò in vecchiaia – e di Ferrara – da cui provengono alcune sue raffigurazioni giovanili. La sequenza di volti del cardinale che si snoda attraverso queste quattro corti permette una comparazione fisionomica, fra l’altro, del suo più caratteristico attributo: il naso, forse ingrossato in vecchiaia da una malattia infettiva deformante. Il trattamento iconografico del naso di Bessarione – ora esasperato, ora ingentilito – se da un lato rende difficile stabilire un identikit certo del personaggio, d’altro lato certamente rispecchia le mutevoli attitudini dei committenti dei dipinti nei suoi confronti. Il saggio è corredato da tavole che riproducono alcuni dei ritratti bessarionei citati nel testo.
Ronchey, S. (2008). Bessarion Venetus. In Philanagnostes. Studi in onore di Marino Zorzi (pp. 375-401). Venezia : Edizioni dell’Istituto Ellenico di Studi Bizantini e Postbizantini.
Bessarion Venetus
RONCHEY, SILVIA
2008-01-01
Abstract
Bessarion’s love for Venice, which he considered quasi alterum Byzantium, materialised in his library donation to establish a state public library in the city. However, the Bessarion donation, the nucleus of the future Marcian Library, remained inaccessible for over eighty years beyond the Nicene Cardinal’s death. This confirms the general diffidence of at least a part of the Venetian aristocracy toward Bessarion as well as his plan to “save Byzantium in the West.” This attitude is borne out also in the iconography of Bessarion: the Venetian portraits of the cardinal, in primis the most well-known by Gentile Bellini, reveal a grotesque image, almost a caricature. The images captured in portraits produced in the “friendly” courts of Rome, Naples, Urbino, where Bessarion resided in old-age, and Ferrara, source of more youthful portrayals, seem to be more accurate. The sequence of depictions of the cardinal originated in these four courts offer comparison of his physiognomy, especially that of his most characteristic feature: his nose, perhaps deformed in later years by swelling caused by an infectious disease. If the iconography of Bessarion’s nose – sometimes grotesquely exaggerated, sometimes refined – on the one hand makes it difficult to establish a reliable identikit, on the other most certainly reflects the changeable attitudes towards him of the patrons of the paintings. The essay includes plates with reproductions of some of the portraits mentioned in the text.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.