The open space system is put forward again in recent master-planning schemes, whose strategic framework is characterised by continuity and chain paradigm. This has become a crucial component for the regeneration and integration of the inner and modern city. This essay hinges on the most recent ecological theories as well as on the European cities design tradition, that goes from the XVIII Century to the rationalist period. The research focuses on: - the new significance of the urban open space, which uses the chain/network concept design of continuity/integration; - the role it can play as an urban regeneration and integration instrument, starting from the re-use of abandoned and left over space; - the real feasibility and efficacy, combined with its limits, of the general thesis and the first design experimentation on these themes. The investigation field is supplied by Rogers’ theories of urban regeneration and by the academic and political debate that, together with the reform, have shaped the framework of the new London Plan and the first design experimentation for the regeneration of the inner city. A key contribution of the present work is to analyse, also by using different speakers’ opinions, these ideas’ applicability to other European city. The importance of this research field stems from the great availability in contemporary cities, coupled with the abandoned land, left over space remaining from the settlement process. The questions addressed in this work deals with a number of issues. These are: first, the way these areas are associated to very different typologies and factors (real estate residues, minor roads, old railway routes disused, old valley lines broken, green rural residues, left over space after planning); second, how these are subject to improper use (warehouses, temporary vegetable gardens, improvised play areas, unauthorised parking lots, etc.) or inadequate use (green public spaces divided into town districts). Finally, how design tend to ignore these residual spaces or to use them in a fragmented vision of public and green spaces. The presence of these residual spaces depends on two factors: - the transformation of the manufacturing process, which has released the spaces of industrial dismantling (very large, often contaminated, inner city areas, connected to the road and railway network by the dedicated rail lines for manufactured material); - the recent contemporary cities building method founded on separated stages, not interconnected and auto-conclusive fragmented settlements, and the source of large residual “in between” spaces, with no purpose. Generally, the re-use of these spaces has been episodic. Its motivations were mostly connected to the centrality land values, as well as to the agents’ contingent intentions, purely for densification purposes (“to fill in gaps”) or to protect the empty space. Recent projects have shown how these residual spaces can be re-organized in a more comprehensive strategy for the contemporary city’s regeneration. The hypothesis is to re-use these areas (left over space, brownfield site, abandoned land) to built green chains viewed not only as an ecological recuperation of the city’s environment quality but also as an occasion to find space for the social aggregation and as an opportunity to give a unitary design and formal quality for the whole city and its parts. The debate on this matter has often charged these hypotheses as abstracted and impracticable. In reality, these already existed in the history and the recent projects demonstrate their feasibility even if this would involve different paths and purposes. The research must therefore verify these hypotheses by reconstructing and evaluating, from this point of view, the most recent projects, and the associated debate, that are taking place in London and the United Kingdom and try to understand if extent these paths are feasible for other European cities. This work is quite innovative for three raisons: - this book analyses the policies and their realization at local level; - contains huge quantity of unpublished documents and images; - identifies composite, spatial and functional roules to integrate and shape the open space system with the urban system Moreover, the assessment of whether and to what extent these paths are feasible for other European cities is also at the core of our investigation.
Il sistema del verde viene oggi riproposto in alcuni piani urbanistici più recenti secondo un disegno di struttura caratterizzato dalla continuità e dal paradigma reticolare; esso è utilizzato come componente primaria di un’operazione di riqualificazione ed integrazione della città consolidata, costruita negli anni del boom edilizio, e della città contemporanea caratterizzata dalla diffusione insediativa. Questa tesi è frutto del pensiero ecologico più recente ma trova in parte riferimenti nella tradizione del disegno della città europea, dal ‘700 al razionalismo. La ricerca indaga su: i nuovi significati attribuiti al verde urbano con l’impiego del paradigma reticolare continuità/integrazione; il ruolo che questo può assumere quale strumento di riqualificazione ed integrazione urbana, a partire dal riutilizzo degli open space in dismissione e degli spazi residuali; la reale fattibilità ed efficacia, insieme ai limiti, delle tesi generali e delle sperimentazioni progettuali proposte o avviate su questi temi. Il campo di approfondimento è offerto dalle tesi sulla riqualificazione urbana di Rogers e dal dibattito e le riforme da queste suscitato che hanno determinato l’impostazione del nuovo piano di Londra e delle prime sperimentazioni progettuali avviate per la riqualificazione di parti della città. Il percorso consente infine, anche utilizzando opinioni di diversi interlocutori, di verificare l’applicabilità di queste tesi alla riqualificazione della città europea. Alcuni concetti generali ed un glossario con i termini significativi più in uso sulle reti urbane sono riportati in allegato. Le motivazioni ed il campo problematico della ricerca prendono le mosse dal considerare: la larga disponibilità nella città contemporanea, insieme alle grandi aree di dismissione, di aree e spazi minori residuali del processo insediativo; come queste aree siano riconducibili a tipologie e fattori assai diversi (residui fondiari, viabilità minori, percorsi tranviari dismessi, residui verdi agricoli, o spazi pubblici poco utilizzati o superflui, ecc.); come esse siano oggetto di usi impropri (depositi, orti provvisori, campi gioco improvvisati, parcheggi abusivi, ecc.) o inadeguati (verdi pubblici frammentati dei quartieri); infine come i comportamenti ricorrenti nella progettazione tendano a trascurare o ignorare questi residui o ad utilizzarli in una visione frammentata dello spazio pubblico e del verde. La presenza di questi spazi residuali è dovuta a due diversi fattori: le trasformazioni del ciclo produttivo che hanno reso disponibili gli spazi della dismissione industriale (aree molto grandi, interne alla città, spesso contaminate, ben collegate alla rete della mobilità e del trasporto su ferro per la presenza di linee ferroviarie specializzate per il trasporto dei materiali prodotti); le recenti modalità di costruzione della città contemporanea per episodi staccati, frammenti insediativi non interconnessi ed autoconclusi, che lasciano larghi spazi residuali interposti, privi di destinazione. In generale, la riutilizzazione di questi spazi è stata affrontata in modo episodico, con motivazioni perlopiù legate al recupero economico dei valori fondiari della centralità ed alla intenzioni contingenti degli operatori, con modalità di pura densificazione (“il riempire i buchi”) o con motivazioni di pura tutela del vuoto (il vincolo al quale segue spesso l’abbandono). Recenti esperienze hanno dimostrato come questi spazi ed aree residue possano essere oggetto di una strategia più complessiva per la riqualificazione della città contemporanea. In particolare, l’attenzione si è posta sulle ipotesi di riutilizzare queste aree per costituire delle reti verdi, proposte sia nell’ottica ecologica di un recupero della qualità ambientale nella città sia nell’ottica dell’offerta di occasioni di riaggregazione sociale e ancor più, secondo alcuni autori, come occasione di ridare disegno unitario, quindi qualità formale, all’intera città ed alle parti componenti. Queste ipotesi, nel dibattito in corso, sono state spesso accusate di astrattezza e non praticabilità. In realtà si può riscontrare sia che esse erano in qualche modo già presenti nella storia e nelle vicende della città del passato sia che oggi si dispone di linee di sperimentazione e di esempi e realizzazioni che ne dimostrano la fattibilità pur seguendo percorsi e finalità diversi. La ricerca intende quindi verificare le ipotesi sopradette ricostruendo e valutando in questa ottica il dibattito e le esperienze più recenti in corso in Gran Bretagna e per la città di Londra.
Nucci, L. (2004). Reti verdi e disegno della città contemporanea: la costruzione del nuovo piano di Londra. ROMA : Gangemi.
Reti verdi e disegno della città contemporanea: la costruzione del nuovo piano di Londra
NUCCI, LUCIA
2004-01-01
Abstract
The open space system is put forward again in recent master-planning schemes, whose strategic framework is characterised by continuity and chain paradigm. This has become a crucial component for the regeneration and integration of the inner and modern city. This essay hinges on the most recent ecological theories as well as on the European cities design tradition, that goes from the XVIII Century to the rationalist period. The research focuses on: - the new significance of the urban open space, which uses the chain/network concept design of continuity/integration; - the role it can play as an urban regeneration and integration instrument, starting from the re-use of abandoned and left over space; - the real feasibility and efficacy, combined with its limits, of the general thesis and the first design experimentation on these themes. The investigation field is supplied by Rogers’ theories of urban regeneration and by the academic and political debate that, together with the reform, have shaped the framework of the new London Plan and the first design experimentation for the regeneration of the inner city. A key contribution of the present work is to analyse, also by using different speakers’ opinions, these ideas’ applicability to other European city. The importance of this research field stems from the great availability in contemporary cities, coupled with the abandoned land, left over space remaining from the settlement process. The questions addressed in this work deals with a number of issues. These are: first, the way these areas are associated to very different typologies and factors (real estate residues, minor roads, old railway routes disused, old valley lines broken, green rural residues, left over space after planning); second, how these are subject to improper use (warehouses, temporary vegetable gardens, improvised play areas, unauthorised parking lots, etc.) or inadequate use (green public spaces divided into town districts). Finally, how design tend to ignore these residual spaces or to use them in a fragmented vision of public and green spaces. The presence of these residual spaces depends on two factors: - the transformation of the manufacturing process, which has released the spaces of industrial dismantling (very large, often contaminated, inner city areas, connected to the road and railway network by the dedicated rail lines for manufactured material); - the recent contemporary cities building method founded on separated stages, not interconnected and auto-conclusive fragmented settlements, and the source of large residual “in between” spaces, with no purpose. Generally, the re-use of these spaces has been episodic. Its motivations were mostly connected to the centrality land values, as well as to the agents’ contingent intentions, purely for densification purposes (“to fill in gaps”) or to protect the empty space. Recent projects have shown how these residual spaces can be re-organized in a more comprehensive strategy for the contemporary city’s regeneration. The hypothesis is to re-use these areas (left over space, brownfield site, abandoned land) to built green chains viewed not only as an ecological recuperation of the city’s environment quality but also as an occasion to find space for the social aggregation and as an opportunity to give a unitary design and formal quality for the whole city and its parts. The debate on this matter has often charged these hypotheses as abstracted and impracticable. In reality, these already existed in the history and the recent projects demonstrate their feasibility even if this would involve different paths and purposes. The research must therefore verify these hypotheses by reconstructing and evaluating, from this point of view, the most recent projects, and the associated debate, that are taking place in London and the United Kingdom and try to understand if extent these paths are feasible for other European cities. This work is quite innovative for three raisons: - this book analyses the policies and their realization at local level; - contains huge quantity of unpublished documents and images; - identifies composite, spatial and functional roules to integrate and shape the open space system with the urban system Moreover, the assessment of whether and to what extent these paths are feasible for other European cities is also at the core of our investigation.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.