The monograph discusses the so-called “Palaiologan Renaissance”, which lasted from the reconquest of Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade (1261) to the end of the civil war between John V Palaiologos and John VI Kantakouzenos (1347). In this period of time, according to the author, an identity crisis characterised Byzantine society. After the Fourth Crusade, in fact, Byzantine people had to cope with the very complex task of conciliating current events with Scriptural prophecies. According to these, the fall of the Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων was the first sign of the end of the world. The author argues that the Byzantine ruling class developed two different cultural answers to such a dilemma: on the one hand, the fièvre de classicisme of those scholars who called themselves “Hellenes”, according to whom, despite the fall of the Polis in 1204, the ecumenical empire did not conclude its historical mission and the answers to current issues were to be found in the past; on the other hand, the mysticism of those thinkers – mostly members of monastic milieux – who believed that only the Eastern Church, inasmuch as community of all Orthodox Christians, could effectively embody and preserve the Christian message (that is, the Truth) until the end times. The starting point of the dissertation is the analysis of an unedited Palaiologan-Era text, which has until now been considered as anonymous: it is a commentary on Synesius’ On Dreams. The author proposes to ascribe this text – whose the first critical edition is provided as an appendix to the monograph – to a member of the Eudaimonoioannes family. The examination of the philosophical – mostly Neoplatonic – accounts that are found in the treatise is crucial to an understanding of the core difference between the aforementioned cultural answers (i.e. Classicism and Mysticism): their stance on the cognitive capacity of the human soul.
La monografia è dedicata alla cosiddetta “rinascenza paleologa”, ovvero a quel periodo della storia bizantina compreso fra la riconquista di Costantinopoli dopo la quarta crociata (1261) e la fine della guerra civile fra Giovanni V Paleologo e Giovanni VI Cantacuzeno (1347). In questa fase, secondo il parere dell’autore, la società bizantina sarebbe stata caratterizzata da una crisi identitaria. Dopo la quarta crociata, in effetti, i Bizantini dovettero fare fronte al difficile compito di conciliare gli eventi presenti con alcune profezie riportate dalle Sacre Scritture, secondo le quali la caduta della Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων sarebbe stato il primo segno della fine del mondo. L’autore sostiene che la classe dirigente bizantina, per fare fronte a questo dilemma, avrebbe elaborato due diverse risposte culturali: da un lato, la fièvre de classicisme di quegli eruditi che si definivano “Elleni”, per i quali, nonostante la caduta della Polis nel 1204, l’impero ecumenico non aveva concluso la propria missione storica e le risposte alle questioni attuali dovevano essere ricercate nel passato; dall’altro lato, il misticismo di quei pensatori – perlopiù appartenenti ad ambienti monastici – che ritenevano che soltanto la Chiesa orientale, in quanto comunità di tutti i cristiani ortodossi, potesse effettivamente incarnare e preservare il messaggio cristiano (quindi, la Verità) fino alla fine dei tempi. Lo spunto della trattazione è dato dall’analisi di un inedito testo coevo, finora ritenuto anonimo: si tratta di un commento al Trattato sui sogni di Sinesio. L’autore propone di attribuire questo testo – di cui si riporta in appendice la prima edizione critica – a un membro della famiglia degli Eudaimonoioannes. La disamina delle dottrine filosofiche – perlopiù di ascendenza neoplatonica – che si trovano nel trattato si rivela fondamentale per cogliere la differenza sostanziale fra le due citate risposte culturali (il classicismo e il misticismo): il loro posizionamento circa le capacità cognitive dell’anima umana.
Monticini, F. (2020). Caduta e recupero. La crisi di età paleologa tra umanesimo e mistica. Parigi : Éditions de l’EHESS.
Caduta e recupero. La crisi di età paleologa tra umanesimo e mistica
Francesco Monticini
2020-01-01
Abstract
The monograph discusses the so-called “Palaiologan Renaissance”, which lasted from the reconquest of Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade (1261) to the end of the civil war between John V Palaiologos and John VI Kantakouzenos (1347). In this period of time, according to the author, an identity crisis characterised Byzantine society. After the Fourth Crusade, in fact, Byzantine people had to cope with the very complex task of conciliating current events with Scriptural prophecies. According to these, the fall of the Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων was the first sign of the end of the world. The author argues that the Byzantine ruling class developed two different cultural answers to such a dilemma: on the one hand, the fièvre de classicisme of those scholars who called themselves “Hellenes”, according to whom, despite the fall of the Polis in 1204, the ecumenical empire did not conclude its historical mission and the answers to current issues were to be found in the past; on the other hand, the mysticism of those thinkers – mostly members of monastic milieux – who believed that only the Eastern Church, inasmuch as community of all Orthodox Christians, could effectively embody and preserve the Christian message (that is, the Truth) until the end times. The starting point of the dissertation is the analysis of an unedited Palaiologan-Era text, which has until now been considered as anonymous: it is a commentary on Synesius’ On Dreams. The author proposes to ascribe this text – whose the first critical edition is provided as an appendix to the monograph – to a member of the Eudaimonoioannes family. The examination of the philosophical – mostly Neoplatonic – accounts that are found in the treatise is crucial to an understanding of the core difference between the aforementioned cultural answers (i.e. Classicism and Mysticism): their stance on the cognitive capacity of the human soul.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.