STATO DELL’ARTE DELLA SIMBIOSI INDUSTRIALE IN EUROPA: TIPOLOGIE DI NETWORK E MODELLI DI COOPERAZIONE

In the European context, industrial symbiosis is recognized as one of the main tools for the creation of circular business models as it al-lows the implementation of sustainable business strategies which, through sharing and exchange practices, promote a lower consumption of natural resources and stimulate the birth and the spread of eco-innovations. Nowadays, this concept is reinforced by the greater pres-sure that institutions and companies exert on companies, in support of less impactful production on the environment so that the decisive leave of linear production models for the complete implementation of circu-lar economy models takes place. Overall, the industrial symbiosis al-lows all the actors involved in the networks to achieve advantageous objectives, at an economic, environmental and social level, through a collaborative approach. The aim of this work is to outline the state of the art of the activity of the main industrial symbiosis networks active in the European Un-ion, highlighting in particular which are the main types of networks that have developed and the most popular cooperation models.