This paper, devoted to the use of zoomorphisms in Russian, traces the process of semantic bleaching and metaphorization of the noun gad, originally referring to the class of ‘crawling animals’ in the Old Slavic bestiary. This term is now almost exclusively applied to humans, and used in a figurative and derogatory sense. The analysis is situated within the theoretical framework of cognitive metaphor (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980), from which it takes up central concepts such as ‘source domain’ (SD) and ‘target domain’ (TD). In the context of zoomorphisms, languages use the SD of the animal world to map physical or behavioural characteristics specific of different species onto the individual human being (TD). The contrastive approach, which is mainly based on parallel corpora, highlights both universal and language-specific aspects of zoomorphic metaphors, at the same time emphasising their cultural and symbolic relevance.
Il contributo, dedicato all'uso degli zoomorfismi in russo, ricostruisce il processo di deriva semantica e di metaforizzazione del nome gad ‘animale strisciante’, che nel bestiario slavo-antico designava una delle classi in cui si articolava la tassonomia del mondo animale. Il nome è oggi usato quasi esclusivamente in senso figurato e dispregiativo in riferimento agli esseri umani. L'analisi si inserisce nel quadro teorico della metafora cognitiva (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980), da cui riprende concetti centrali come quelli di ‘dominio sorgente’ (SD) e ‘dominio target’ (TD). Nel caso degli zoomorfismi, le lingue usano il SD del mondo animale per proiettare sulla persona (TD) caratteristiche fisiche o comportamentali tipiche di diverse specie. L’approccio contrastivo basato sull’uso, che si avvale soprattutto di corpora paralleli, evidenzia aspetti universali e specifici delle metafore zoomorfe, sottolineandone al contempo la rilevanza culturale e simbolica.
Benigni, V. (2025). Ach ty, gad! Dal bestiario antico slavo allo slang di oggi: animali striscianti e creature demoniache**. In C.R. Susan Irvine (a cura di), ἀγλαὰ δῶρα. Studi miscellanei in onore di Dora Faraci (pp. 85-104). Roma : RomaTrE-Press [10.13134/979-12-5977-452-1].
Ach ty, gad! Dal bestiario antico slavo allo slang di oggi: animali striscianti e creature demoniache**
Valentina Benigni
2025-01-01
Abstract
This paper, devoted to the use of zoomorphisms in Russian, traces the process of semantic bleaching and metaphorization of the noun gad, originally referring to the class of ‘crawling animals’ in the Old Slavic bestiary. This term is now almost exclusively applied to humans, and used in a figurative and derogatory sense. The analysis is situated within the theoretical framework of cognitive metaphor (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980), from which it takes up central concepts such as ‘source domain’ (SD) and ‘target domain’ (TD). In the context of zoomorphisms, languages use the SD of the animal world to map physical or behavioural characteristics specific of different species onto the individual human being (TD). The contrastive approach, which is mainly based on parallel corpora, highlights both universal and language-specific aspects of zoomorphic metaphors, at the same time emphasising their cultural and symbolic relevance.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.