In recent decades, the Reinforced Concrete heritage, constituted of buildings and infrastructures, have frequently exhibited evident and premature signs of degradation, compromising the structural integrity. Nevertheless, premature failures and collapses have affected the civil engineering landscape, causing significant damage to the population in terms of mortality, structural and infrastructural operability, and economic losses. Ordinary maintenance plays a crucial and fundamental role in preventing deterioration; however, in its absence or inappropriate with structural needs, its function becomes ineffective. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), through periodic and continuous monitoring of static and dynamic parameters, combined with Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods, aims to achieve a comprehensive and integrated understanding of structural conditions, enabling the prescription of tailored maintenance strategies. In this regard, the present doctoral research study aims to assess the structural health of existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings and infrastructures by employing innovative technologies for detecting local and global defects and vulnerabilities, with the prospect of proposing a novel methodological approach. Specifically, the first phase of the study reviews the state of the art of traditional methods and techniques for SHM and NDT, in the context of RC degradation. Special attention is given to emerging optical fibre-based sensing technologies, with a major focus on quasi-distributed Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. Laboratory experiments are conducted to enhance knowledge of this technology and assess its potential, followed by its application in continuous monitoring of a case study: a tall RC building of notable architectural and engineering complexity. The objective is to establish a critical methodology for design, maintenance, and monitoring, as well as for setup control, storage, data processing, and interpretation. The data acquired from sensors, measuring environmental parameters and structural parameters are analysed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the advantages and limitations of technologies, with a specific focus on the application on-field. Also, as concerns the criticalities affecting RC heritage in local and global performance, electro-chemical NDT are used for the investigation of corrosive defect. Among the architectural heritage of Rome, a RC bridge of considerable interest is analysed. Starting from experimental campaigns for the collection of electro-chemical measures, a statistically based interpretation is proposed, accounting for both qualitative and quantitative observations of the structure’s condition and contributing to the estimation of intervention timelines.
Negli ultimi decenni, opere strutturali ed infrastrutturali realizzate in calcestruzzo armato hanno spesso mostrato evidenti e prematuri segni di degrado, a danno dell’integrità strutturale. Non di minor importanza, prematuri cedimenti e crolli hanno interessato differenti opere civili, causando danni ingenti alla popolazione, in termini di mortalità, operabilità strutturale ed infrastrutturale ed economici. La manutenzione ordinaria risulta un importante e fondamentale mezzo di prevenzione del degrado; tuttavia, quando quest’ultima manca o non rispetta le necessità di intervento dell’opera, il metodo di prevenzione diviene inefficace. Lo Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) mediante monitoraggio periodico e continuo di parametri statici e dinamici, insieme con metodi di indagine non distruttiva (NDT) si coniugano al fine di convergere ad una conoscenza integrata ed integrale dello stato strutturale e la conseguente prescrizione di manutenzione ordinaria “ad hoc”. A tal proposito, il presente studio di ricerca nell’ambito del corso di dottorato, mira a valutare la salute strutturale di edifici ed infrastrutture esistenti in c.a. impiegando nuove tecnologie nel rilevamento di difetti e criticità strutturali, locali e globali, presumendo di proporre una metodologia innovativa. In particolare, in prima battuta si approfondisce lo stato dell’arte di metodi e tecnologie impiegate tradizionalmente per il SHM e l’indagine non distruttiva, nell’ambito del degrado del patrimonio in calcestruzzo armato. A tal proposito, si approfondisce la nuova tecnologia in fibra ottica di sensori quasidistribuiti Fiber Bragg Grating, mediante prove di laboratorio per la conoscenza della stessa e la valutazione delle potenzialità. Ne consegue l’applicazione per un monitoraggio continuativo su un caso studio appartenente al patrimonio italiano in c.a., edificio alto di particolare complessità, unico nella soluzione architettonica ed ingegneristica. Il fine è di fornire una metodologia critica per il progetto, la manutenzione ed il controllo del setup e dell’elaborazione per l’interpretazione e validazione dei dati acquisiti, provenienti da sensori che monitorano grandezze ambientali e strutturali, con l’obiettivo di fornire una visione completa di vantaggi e deficit della tecnologia e, nel dettaglio, della applicazione. Per ciò che concerne le criticità ed i difetti che interessano il patrimonio in c.a., prima localmente e poi nella performance strutturale, in tale sede, si impiegano tecniche di natura elettrochimica per l’indagine non distruttiva, avendo individuato un caso studio di notevole interesse, tra le infrastrutture che appartengono all’architettura della città di Roma. L’obiettivo è di acquisire misure in situ e, tramite l’interpretazione delle stesse, di contribuire ad un modello previsionale utile alla stima dei tempi di intervento, tenendo conto di condizioni osservate qualitativamente e quantitativamente.
Capasso, M. (2026). Innovative approaches for the structural maintenance of Italian heritage in Reinforced Concrete. Development of a methodology for structural diagnosis and monitoring.
Innovative approaches for the structural maintenance of Italian heritage in Reinforced Concrete. Development of a methodology for structural diagnosis and monitoring
Monica Capasso
2026-01-12
Abstract
In recent decades, the Reinforced Concrete heritage, constituted of buildings and infrastructures, have frequently exhibited evident and premature signs of degradation, compromising the structural integrity. Nevertheless, premature failures and collapses have affected the civil engineering landscape, causing significant damage to the population in terms of mortality, structural and infrastructural operability, and economic losses. Ordinary maintenance plays a crucial and fundamental role in preventing deterioration; however, in its absence or inappropriate with structural needs, its function becomes ineffective. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), through periodic and continuous monitoring of static and dynamic parameters, combined with Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods, aims to achieve a comprehensive and integrated understanding of structural conditions, enabling the prescription of tailored maintenance strategies. In this regard, the present doctoral research study aims to assess the structural health of existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings and infrastructures by employing innovative technologies for detecting local and global defects and vulnerabilities, with the prospect of proposing a novel methodological approach. Specifically, the first phase of the study reviews the state of the art of traditional methods and techniques for SHM and NDT, in the context of RC degradation. Special attention is given to emerging optical fibre-based sensing technologies, with a major focus on quasi-distributed Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. Laboratory experiments are conducted to enhance knowledge of this technology and assess its potential, followed by its application in continuous monitoring of a case study: a tall RC building of notable architectural and engineering complexity. The objective is to establish a critical methodology for design, maintenance, and monitoring, as well as for setup control, storage, data processing, and interpretation. The data acquired from sensors, measuring environmental parameters and structural parameters are analysed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the advantages and limitations of technologies, with a specific focus on the application on-field. Also, as concerns the criticalities affecting RC heritage in local and global performance, electro-chemical NDT are used for the investigation of corrosive defect. Among the architectural heritage of Rome, a RC bridge of considerable interest is analysed. Starting from experimental campaigns for the collection of electro-chemical measures, a statistically based interpretation is proposed, accounting for both qualitative and quantitative observations of the structure’s condition and contributing to the estimation of intervention timelines.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


