Lactoferricin influences early events of Listeria monocytogenes infection in THP-1 human macrophages

Bovine lactoferrin (BLf) and its derivative peptide lactoferricin B (LfcinB) are known for their antimicrobial activity towards several pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne Gram-positive invasive bacterium that infects a wide variety of host cells, including professional phagocytes. To add further information on the antibacterial effects of these compounds, the influence of BLf, LfcinB and the antimicrobial centre of LfcinB, the hexapeptide LfcinB(4-9), on the invasive behaviour of L. monocytogenes was analysed in IFN-gamma-activated human macrophagic cells (THP-1). Significant inhibition of bacterial entry in THP-1 cells was observed at LfcinB concentrations that were unable to produce any bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect, compared with BLf and LfcinB(4-9) peptide. This inhibition occurred when LfcinB was incubated during the bacterial infection step and was not due only to competition for common glycosaminoglycan receptors. Assays performed through a temperature shift from 4 to 37 degrees C showed that inhibition of invasion took place at an early post-adsorption step, although an effect on a different step of intracellular infection could not be ruled out.