Direct interaction of hydrophilic gold nanoparticles with dexamethasone drug: loading and release study

Water-soluble gold nanoparticles functionalized by sodium 3-mercapto-1-propansulfonate (Au-3MPS) were synthesized with different Au/thiol molar ratios for their ability to interact with biomolecules. In particular, a synthetic glucocorticoid steroid, i.e. dexamethasone (DXM) was selected. Herein, the formation of the Au-3MPS/DXM bioconjugate is reported. Au-3MPS nanoparticles show a plasmon resonance at 520 nm, have a spherical morphology and average size of 7–10 nm. The total number of gold atoms was estimated to be about 10600, with a surface component of 8800 atoms and a number of thiol ligands of about 720, roughly one anchored thiol every 10 surface gold atoms. The drug-nanoparticle interaction occurs through the fluorine atom of DXM and Au(I) atoms on the gold nanoparticle surface. The 3MPS ligands closely pack apart each other to leave room for the DXM, that lies at the gold surface in an unusual, almost parallel feature. The loading efficiency of DXM on Au-3MPS was assessed in the range 70–80%, depending on the thiol content. Moreover, our studies confirmed the drug release of about 70% in 5 days. Thanks to their unique properties, i.e. high water solubility, small size and almost monodispersity, Au-3MPS display high potential in biotechnological and biomedical applications, mainly for the loading and release of water insoluble drugs.