In recent years, the administrative courts are increasingly called upon to decide on matters relating to noise pollution. At the national level there is now a need to keep noise within constricted limits as this is a form of damage to human health and the environment. At the Community level, it has already been the object of policies aimed at its reduction and control. Besides the tools that the law provides for this purpose, a significant role is played by those required to assess the degree of implementation of the statutory provisions that the law is based on. This exercise is supported by supervisory activities of authoritative nature. In particular, the inspections on businesses carried out by the regional environmental authorities have the possibility of a having a further authoritative function exercised by local authorities by which they may dispose the adoption of administrative measures or sanctions through unions. In this context, these contributions construct the regulatory framework governing domestic law or the exercise of the supervisory inspections on environmental noise. The forecasts that the Community law dedicates to environmental inspections and standards recently adopted in our system in terms of public controls on private companies are also examined. Finally, the main decisions of recent law cases on matters connected with the application of inspection supervision are reported and discussed. It is concluded by focusing on the problems that emerged, which are also found in other areas of law where the inspection function is exerted on private companies. First, there is no comprehensive legislation in national law which unifies inspection and hence the inability to identify minimum standards uniformly applicable in different sectors. Second, inspections generate high administrative costs for private companies and counteract the tendency to the reduction of costs and the simplification of procedures. Therefore, the administrative organization system should be rationalized and a control should be identified at the national level to harmonize the rules at regional and local level and make binding the general principles laid down by the rules and European standards.
Negli ultimi anni i giudici amministrativi sono stati chiamati in misura crescente a decidere su questioni relative all’inquinamento acustico. Anche in ambito nazionale è, quindi, ormai avvertita la necessità di contenere entro stretti limiti questa forma di danneggiamento della salute umana e dell’ambiente che, a livello comunitario, è da tempo oggetto di politiche finalizzate alla sua riduzione e controllo. Tra gli strumenti che il diritto positivo prevede per questa finalità un ruolo rilevante è svolto da quelli atti a verificare il grado di implementazione delle previsioni normative, che nel diritto interno poggia sull’esercizio di attività di vigilanza con carattere autoritativo. In particolare, le ispezioni condotte sulle imprese dalle autorità ambientali regionali sono propedeutiche all’esercizio eventuale di una ulteriore funzione autoritativa esercitata dagli enti locali, mediante cui si può disporre l’adozione di misure amministrative a carattere impeditivo o sanzionatorio attraverso lo strumento dell’ordinanza sindacale. In tale contesto, il contributo ricostruisce il quadro normativo che regola, nel diritto interno, l’esercizio della funzione ispettiva di vigilanza sull’inquinamento acustico. Sono poi esaminate le previsioni che il diritto comunitario dedica alle ispezioni ambientali e le norme recentemente adottate nel nostro ordinamento in tema di controlli pubblici sulle imprese private. Infine, sono riportati e discussi i principali orientamenti della recente giurisprudenza su questioni connesse con l’esercizio dell’attività ispettiva di vigilanza. Si conclude ponendo l’attenzione sulle criticità emerse, che si ritrovano anche in altri ambiti materiali laddove si esercita la funzione ispettiva sulle imprese private. In primo luogo, manca nel diritto nazionale una normativa organica e unitaria in materia di ispezioni e da ciò deriva l’impossibilità individuare standard minimi uniformemente applicabili nei diversi settori. In secondo luogo, l’articolazione delle attività ispettive genera elevati costi amministrativi per le imprese private e contrasta la tendenza alla riduzione degli oneri ed alla semplificazione delle procedure. Dovrebbe, quindi, essere razionalizzare l’organizzazione amministrativa del sistema ed individuare una cabina di regia a livello nazionale che armonizzi le regole a livello regionale e locale e renda vincolanti i principi generali previsti dalle norme e dagli standard europei.
DI LASCIO, F. (2012). LE ISPEZIONI SULL'INQUINAMENTO ACUSTICO. RIVISTA QUADRIMESTRALE DI DIRITTO DELL’AMBIENTE(1-2), 102-133.
LE ISPEZIONI SULL'INQUINAMENTO ACUSTICO
DI LASCIO, FRANCESCA
2012-01-01
Abstract
In recent years, the administrative courts are increasingly called upon to decide on matters relating to noise pollution. At the national level there is now a need to keep noise within constricted limits as this is a form of damage to human health and the environment. At the Community level, it has already been the object of policies aimed at its reduction and control. Besides the tools that the law provides for this purpose, a significant role is played by those required to assess the degree of implementation of the statutory provisions that the law is based on. This exercise is supported by supervisory activities of authoritative nature. In particular, the inspections on businesses carried out by the regional environmental authorities have the possibility of a having a further authoritative function exercised by local authorities by which they may dispose the adoption of administrative measures or sanctions through unions. In this context, these contributions construct the regulatory framework governing domestic law or the exercise of the supervisory inspections on environmental noise. The forecasts that the Community law dedicates to environmental inspections and standards recently adopted in our system in terms of public controls on private companies are also examined. Finally, the main decisions of recent law cases on matters connected with the application of inspection supervision are reported and discussed. It is concluded by focusing on the problems that emerged, which are also found in other areas of law where the inspection function is exerted on private companies. First, there is no comprehensive legislation in national law which unifies inspection and hence the inability to identify minimum standards uniformly applicable in different sectors. Second, inspections generate high administrative costs for private companies and counteract the tendency to the reduction of costs and the simplification of procedures. Therefore, the administrative organization system should be rationalized and a control should be identified at the national level to harmonize the rules at regional and local level and make binding the general principles laid down by the rules and European standards.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.