Max Scheler, proceeding from the basis of phenomenological theory, reaches not only the point of affirming the total autonomy of the emotional sphere from the logical sphere, but even that of discerning in emotional life the fundamental condition of personal reality: from which there follows the re-evalution of everything that belongs to the “alogical” sphere of consciousness. This latter, far from being considered a dark and chaotic area where only reason is able to impose order, is instead the territory of intuition and pure feeling, which have their own order that is no less eternal and absolute than that of logic, even though it cannot be reduced to the order of logic. That which we call state of mind is not a Chaos of blind emotional states, which relate to mental facts by means of casual rules, but it is instead a structured image of the Kosmos, understood as a world of values. If in ethics Scheler had posed a fundamental conflict between reason and emotion, in anthropology he did so between Geist and Drang, between “spirit” and “impulsion.” Although these two elements are essentially distinct, in the human being they become instead interdependent: the spirit idealizes the life, whereas only this latter can render active and efficacious the spirit. But how can this synthesis be attained? How can one give a sense to reality and allow the “essence” to become realized if the spirit is devoid of any energy and the vital impulse is extraneous to any ideal content? To this question Scheler attempts to reply with the hope for an ultimate harmony that reconducts to an equilibrium the dichotomy of the fundamental conflict.
Max Scheler, prendendo le mosse dalla teoria fenomenologica, giunge non solo ad affermare la completa autonomia della sfera emozionale da quella logica, ma persino a scorgere nella vita emotiva la condizione fondamentale della realtà personale: da qui la rivalutazione di tutto ciò che appartiene alla sfera “alogica” della coscienza. Quest’ultima, lungi dall’essere considerata una zona oscura e caotica dove solo la ragione può imporre l’ordine, è invece il territorio dell’intuizione e del puro sentire, i quali hanno un loro ordinamento eterno ed assoluto tanto quanto quello della logica, sebbene ad esso irriducibile. Ciò che chiamiamo stato d’animo non è un Chaos di ciechi stati emotivi, i quali si collegano con i fatti psichici secondo regole casuali, ma è un’immagine strutturata del Kosmos, inteso come mondo dei valori. Quel conflitto fondamentale, che nell’etica scheleriana aveva contrapposto ragione ed emozione, nell’antropologia contrappone Geist e Drang, “spirito” e “vita”. Sebbene questi due elementi siano essenzialmente distinti, nell’uomo divengono interdipendenti: lo spirito idealizza la vita ma soltanto quest’ultima può rendere attivo ed efficace lo spirito. Ma come raggiungere questa sintesi? Come dare un senso alla realtà e permettere all’essenza di realizzarsi se lo spirito è privo di ogni energia e l’impulso vitale è estraneo ad ogni contenuto ideale? A questa domanda Scheler tenta di rispondere con la speranza in un’ultima armonia che riporti all’equilibrio la dicotomia del conflitto fondamentale.
Pansera, M.T. (2012). Chaos/Kosmos e Vita/Spirito: dualismo o dialettica?. B@BELONLINE.PRINT, 13, 91-100.
Chaos/Kosmos e Vita/Spirito: dualismo o dialettica?
PANSERA, Maria Teresa
2012-01-01
Abstract
Max Scheler, proceeding from the basis of phenomenological theory, reaches not only the point of affirming the total autonomy of the emotional sphere from the logical sphere, but even that of discerning in emotional life the fundamental condition of personal reality: from which there follows the re-evalution of everything that belongs to the “alogical” sphere of consciousness. This latter, far from being considered a dark and chaotic area where only reason is able to impose order, is instead the territory of intuition and pure feeling, which have their own order that is no less eternal and absolute than that of logic, even though it cannot be reduced to the order of logic. That which we call state of mind is not a Chaos of blind emotional states, which relate to mental facts by means of casual rules, but it is instead a structured image of the Kosmos, understood as a world of values. If in ethics Scheler had posed a fundamental conflict between reason and emotion, in anthropology he did so between Geist and Drang, between “spirit” and “impulsion.” Although these two elements are essentially distinct, in the human being they become instead interdependent: the spirit idealizes the life, whereas only this latter can render active and efficacious the spirit. But how can this synthesis be attained? How can one give a sense to reality and allow the “essence” to become realized if the spirit is devoid of any energy and the vital impulse is extraneous to any ideal content? To this question Scheler attempts to reply with the hope for an ultimate harmony that reconducts to an equilibrium the dichotomy of the fundamental conflict.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.