The aim of this paper is to analyse,which is the current situation of gender disparities in Italy and how such disparities are distributed among Italian regions. In order to quantify such disparities a comprehensive framework for assessment is required by using a human development approach.A gender-oriented in vestigation of effective available capabilities for men and women in the Italian regions reveals that gender inequalityinItalyseemsto be apersistentphenomenon. Finally, the gender disparities in the empowerment dimension and in the other social dimensions seem to be mutually reinforcing with the economic dimensions, especially in the labour market.