The central Apennines show geologic and geomorphic features that report the strong influence of extensional tectonics and regional uplift on their recent evolution. The goal of this paper is to find out the time constraints of the chain uplift, focusing on the elements of correlation between marine and continental successions on both the the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian flanks of the Apennines. All along the range, the most ancient landforms are gently rolling surfaces. On the western flank, the interaction between the uplift and the extensional tectonics related to the opening of the Tyrrhenian basin, generated several neoautoctonous basins that are older in Tuscany (since Tortonian) and younger in the Latium area (since Pliocene). On the Adriatic flank, the uplift of the chain, interacting with climatic changes, produced several sequences separated by angular unconformities. In the basins located along the western flank, progressively coarser sediments that correspond to the Globorotalia crassaformis biozone lay down. In particular, at Valle Ricca a 2.1 Myr old volcanic layer has been reported close to the top of these deposits and corresponds to the base of the Globorotalia inflata biozone. The Valle Ricca succession is truncated by an erosion surface over which marine and brackish sandy clay (Argille Sabbiose del Chiani-Tevere) lay down. Similarly, in the periadriatic basin, a volcanic layer, dated 2.1 Myr, has been found close to the top of a pelitic sequence at Bellante. At the top of this succession, an angular unconformity separates it from conglomerate and sand. This sequence records the progressively eastward shifting of the coastline as a consequence of the uplift. Contemporaneously, extensional tectonics progressively affected the Apennine chain giving rise to a number of intermontane basins, within which continental sediments such as conglomerate and clay were deposited. These basins are characterized by the deposition of coarse breccias, and lacustrine and alluvial deposits locally interfingered each other. In the Rieti and L’Aquila basins, in the lacustrine sediments, the finding of Equus stenonis and Mammuthus meridionalis allows to refer those deposits to an age older than lower Pleistocene. Around 0.8 Myr B.P., in correspondence with a base level drop induced by a sudden increase of uplift rate, the coastline strongly shifted seawards and littoral sand-pebble deposits lay down along the western and the eastern margins of the Apennines. After or contemporaneously, an increased stream erosion rate gave rise to the present valley network within which the interaction of river incision and climate changes generated several orders of alluvial terraces. In this contest, a hunched backward river erosion breached most of intramontane basins, draining off the lakes and causing the erosion of the basin sedimentary sequence. In conclusion, according to all these considerations we hypothesize that the topographic growth of the range was slow until the end of the lower Pleistocene, when a strong increase of the uplift rate affected the chain and the surrounding coastal belts.
L’Appennino centrale presenta caratteri geologici e geomorfologici che documentano l’intensa influenza della tettonica estensionale e del sollevamento regionale sulla sua evoluzione recente. In questo lavoro si intendono evidenziare gli elementi di correlazione tra le successioni marine e continentali della fascia periadriatica abruzzese e peritirrenica laziale, al fine di proporre dei vincoli temporali all’evoluzione recente dell’Appennino. Gli elementi geomorfologici più antichi, riscontrabili lungo tutta la catena appenninica, sono rappresentati da superfici gentilmente ondulate. Sul versante occidentale la tettonica distensiva legata all’apertura del Tirreno ha generato una complessa serie di bacini neoautoctoni più antichi in Toscana (dal Tortoniano) e più recenti nell’area laziale (dal Pliocene). Sul versante adriatico il sollevamento della catena ha generato discordanze angolari che individuano numerose sequenze sedimentarie in assetto monoclinalico. Sul versante tirrenico della catena, si depositano sedimenti progressivamente più grossolani riferibili alla fine della biozona a Globorotalia crassaformis. In particolare, al tetto di questi depositi, e alla base della biozona a Globorotalia inflata, è stato trovato, a Valle Ricca, un livello vulcanico datato 2.1 Myr. Su tale successione si appoggiano in discordanza le “Argille Sabbiose del Chiani-Tevere” di ambiente marino e salmastro. Similmente, sul versante adriatico, un livello vulcanico datato 2.1 Ma è stato rinvenuto all’interno di una sequenza di depositi di ambiente pelitico presso Bellante. Questa è troncata al tetto da una discordanza angolare che la separa da sedimenti conglomeratici e sabbiosi. Contemporaneamente, la tettonica estensionale interessa progressivamente la catena generando una serie di bacini intermontani, delimitati da faglie normali. I materiali di riempimento sono costituiti alla base da sedimenti grossolani che passano verso l’alto a depositi alluvionali e fluvio-lacustri. Nelle conche di Rieti e de L’Aquila, nei depositi lacustri, il ritrovamento di Equus stenonis e Mammuthus meridionalis, consente di riferire tali sedimenti ad un’età non più giovane del Pleistocene inferiore. Intorno a 0.8 Myr B.P., in concomitanza con un forte abbassamento relativo del livello di base, legato ad un subitaneo incremento del tasso di sollevamento, si verifica un più marcato arretramento delle linee di costa, accompagnato dalla messa in posto di depositi sabbioso-ciottolosi di ambiente litorale lungo i margini occidentale e orientale dell’Appennino. Contemporaneamente, un aumento del tasso di incisione fluviale dà origine al attuale sistema di valli, all’interno delle quali, per effetto dell’interazione tra l’aumento dell’erosione fluviale e le variazioni climatiche, si sono formati più ordini di terrazzi alluvionali. In tale contesto, l’erosione regressiva dei corsi d’acqua ha profondamente inciso le soglie della maggior parte dei bacini intermontani, prosciugando i laghi ed erodendo gran parte dei depositi presenti. In conclusione, in base a queste considerazioni si può ipotizzare che la crescita topografica della catena appenninica è stata lenta fino alla fine del Pleistocene inferiore, quando si è verificato un forte incremento del tasso di sollevamento.
Centamore, E., Dramis, F., Fubelli, G., Molin, P., Nisio, S. (2003). Elements to correlate the marine and continental sedimentary successions lying on the Latium and Abruzzo margins of the Apennines. IL QUATERNARIO, 16, 77-87.
Elements to correlate the marine and continental sedimentary successions lying on the Latium and Abruzzo margins of the Apennines
MOLIN, Paola;
2003-01-01
Abstract
The central Apennines show geologic and geomorphic features that report the strong influence of extensional tectonics and regional uplift on their recent evolution. The goal of this paper is to find out the time constraints of the chain uplift, focusing on the elements of correlation between marine and continental successions on both the the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian flanks of the Apennines. All along the range, the most ancient landforms are gently rolling surfaces. On the western flank, the interaction between the uplift and the extensional tectonics related to the opening of the Tyrrhenian basin, generated several neoautoctonous basins that are older in Tuscany (since Tortonian) and younger in the Latium area (since Pliocene). On the Adriatic flank, the uplift of the chain, interacting with climatic changes, produced several sequences separated by angular unconformities. In the basins located along the western flank, progressively coarser sediments that correspond to the Globorotalia crassaformis biozone lay down. In particular, at Valle Ricca a 2.1 Myr old volcanic layer has been reported close to the top of these deposits and corresponds to the base of the Globorotalia inflata biozone. The Valle Ricca succession is truncated by an erosion surface over which marine and brackish sandy clay (Argille Sabbiose del Chiani-Tevere) lay down. Similarly, in the periadriatic basin, a volcanic layer, dated 2.1 Myr, has been found close to the top of a pelitic sequence at Bellante. At the top of this succession, an angular unconformity separates it from conglomerate and sand. This sequence records the progressively eastward shifting of the coastline as a consequence of the uplift. Contemporaneously, extensional tectonics progressively affected the Apennine chain giving rise to a number of intermontane basins, within which continental sediments such as conglomerate and clay were deposited. These basins are characterized by the deposition of coarse breccias, and lacustrine and alluvial deposits locally interfingered each other. In the Rieti and L’Aquila basins, in the lacustrine sediments, the finding of Equus stenonis and Mammuthus meridionalis allows to refer those deposits to an age older than lower Pleistocene. Around 0.8 Myr B.P., in correspondence with a base level drop induced by a sudden increase of uplift rate, the coastline strongly shifted seawards and littoral sand-pebble deposits lay down along the western and the eastern margins of the Apennines. After or contemporaneously, an increased stream erosion rate gave rise to the present valley network within which the interaction of river incision and climate changes generated several orders of alluvial terraces. In this contest, a hunched backward river erosion breached most of intramontane basins, draining off the lakes and causing the erosion of the basin sedimentary sequence. In conclusion, according to all these considerations we hypothesize that the topographic growth of the range was slow until the end of the lower Pleistocene, when a strong increase of the uplift rate affected the chain and the surrounding coastal belts.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.