Nel testo vengono esposti i risultati emersi dallo studio e dal rilevamento della Villa dei Misteri a Pompei, scoperta nel 1909 e nota, nel mondo, per la megalografia della Sala n. 5 e per gli altri affreschi e i mosaici pavimentali di altissima qualità . La documentazione grafica esistente era costituita dai disegni (una pianta e una sezione) redatti da Amedeo Maiuri (direttore degli scavi di Pompei dal 1924 al 1961) in occasione dei lavori di scavo della Villa ripresi tra il 1928 e il 1930. Gli obiettivi della ricerca intrapresa insieme a Diego Maestri e Marco Canciani, sono stati rivolti alla messa a punto di un metodo speditivo ed efficace di rilevamento architettonico ed archeologico - che integrasse l’utilizzo di varie metodologie e strumentazioni - , ed alla redazione di elaborati grafici chiari ed efficaci. Il testo presenta, quindi, un’ampia descrizione delle procedure di rilevamento adottate, precedute da alcune considerazioni sulle peculiarità che sono proprie del rilevamento archeologico. La metodologia utilizzata, denominata “sistema integrato", costituisce una valida alternativa a quelle impiegate singolarmente e adotta procedure differenti a seconda delle specificità che caratterizzano le diverse parti dell'organismo architettonico. Le notevoli dimensioni della Villa (che si estende per oltre 4000 metri quadrati), la complessità della distribuzione planimetrica, nonché la difficoltà di accedere con la strumentazione topografica in diversi ambienti, ha comportato un lavoro di rilevamento diretto piuttosto esteso, illustrato, nel testo, da alcuni eidotipi. L’impostazione generale delle operazioni di rilevamento si è basata su una completa sinergia tra metodi tradizionali e informatici nella scelta dei punti più significativi da rilevare. Il rilevamento strumentale ha fornito la maglia dei punti notevoli dell’impianto architettonico, indispensabile anche per l’inserimento dei dati acquisiti mediante la misurazione diretta degli ambienti non accessibili dallo strumento, rilevati attraverso una serie di trilaterazioni successive, concatenate tra loro e con la rete di appoggio. Il testo descrive dettagliatamente l’integrazione tra i dati del modello informatico e quelli ottenuti dal rilevamento diretto. In ultimo, il testo affronta la questione della graficizzazione dei dati emersi dalle operazioni di rilevamento, tema niente affatto secondario: al disegno è affidato il compito di sintetizzare tutto il lavoro in pochi e coerenti segni, che diano idea non solo delle dimensioni ma anche dello stato di fatto del monumento rilevato. L’aspetto più delicato è proprio quello della corrispondenza tra un modello di rilievo, che è sostanzialmente puntiforme, ed un elaborato grafico finale che si compone di vari segni per lo più continui. È cura del rilevatore la comprensione di quali elementi debbano essere misurati e quale sia la traduzione grafica più appropriata, effettuando una opportuna sintesi dei segni, in funzione del tipo, dello scopo e della scala del disegno prodotto.
This work introduces experimental results of a survey methodology based on the integration of traditional methods and information technology (topographical and photogrammetric application software), applied to the case-study of “Villa dei Misteri”, located in the archaeological site of Pompei (Italy). Such monumental complex, example of great artistic value within villas of Roman epoch located out of the city walls, didn't have until today, an exhaustive graphic documentation. The building organism, that extends over 4000m² is developed in a series of environments, some of which roof covered, characterised by mosaic floorings and mural paintings of high quality. This has imposed a procedure of integrated survey for the acquisition of the different information concerning dimensional, constructive and formal characteristics, of the whole. The integrated survey constitutes an alternative method, as regards the methods used separately, as it uses an integration of the different procedures applied to the survey in function of the morphological specifics of the various parts of the architectural organism. In such consideration, it is necessary, in a first phase, to define a project of measurements that relies on different methods and on various necessities, according to a procedural scheme of the different operations to be developed on the spot, above all in function of the various architectural elements. These can be divided in three groups, distinguished according to the morphology, to which different typologies of survey correspond. The first group includes simple geometric elements such as walls with structural weaving at sight, plastered or fresco painted; cylinders and rotation surfaces (columns), mouldings, vaults and joint surfaces. For this type of elements a photogrammetric survey was used, realised by photographic shootings for the restitution of the various elements and a topographical polygonal mesh for the orientation of the elements themselves. The second group includes the simplest environments that can directly be surveyed with the topographical tools. The third group is constituted by elements of the detail itself and by constructive details, surveyable with methodologies and traditional tools, through which it is possible to define with great precision formal characteristics of the archaeological structures. In the specific case, the survey methodology adopted in the first phase had the objective to determine the horizontal section through the individualization of the principal points useful to the geometric definition of the whole, of the different environments and of the single building structures. The second phase has been directed to a restitution of the elements in raising, delineated to vertical sections. To this purpose, a computer procedure has been used to allow the immediate visualization of the developed survey directly on the portable notebook screen. Subsequently all the data saved in the PC have been elaborated in order to integrate the measurements performed with traditional methods. The aims of this research are both setting up a quick and effective method of architectural and archaeological survey, that integrates the use of various methodologies and instrumentation’s, and the production of clear and exhaustive drawings. The final CAD drawings, characterised by the absence of repetitive textures for the description of the different wall typologies, therefore returns comprehensible and reliable images of the constructive and formal characteristics of the surveyed architecture.
Spadafora, G., Canciani, M., Maestri, D. (2007). The integrated survey for the knowledge and the documentation of the archaeological heritage: the “Villa dei Misteri” in Pompei. INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE PHOTOGRAMMETRY, REMOTE SENSING AND SPATIAL INFORMATION SCIENCES, XXXVI-5/C53, 193-199.
The integrated survey for the knowledge and the documentation of the archaeological heritage: the “Villa dei Misteri” in Pompei
SPADAFORA, GIOVANNA;CANCIANI, Marco;MAESTRI, Diego
2007-01-01
Abstract
This work introduces experimental results of a survey methodology based on the integration of traditional methods and information technology (topographical and photogrammetric application software), applied to the case-study of “Villa dei Misteri”, located in the archaeological site of Pompei (Italy). Such monumental complex, example of great artistic value within villas of Roman epoch located out of the city walls, didn't have until today, an exhaustive graphic documentation. The building organism, that extends over 4000m² is developed in a series of environments, some of which roof covered, characterised by mosaic floorings and mural paintings of high quality. This has imposed a procedure of integrated survey for the acquisition of the different information concerning dimensional, constructive and formal characteristics, of the whole. The integrated survey constitutes an alternative method, as regards the methods used separately, as it uses an integration of the different procedures applied to the survey in function of the morphological specifics of the various parts of the architectural organism. In such consideration, it is necessary, in a first phase, to define a project of measurements that relies on different methods and on various necessities, according to a procedural scheme of the different operations to be developed on the spot, above all in function of the various architectural elements. These can be divided in three groups, distinguished according to the morphology, to which different typologies of survey correspond. The first group includes simple geometric elements such as walls with structural weaving at sight, plastered or fresco painted; cylinders and rotation surfaces (columns), mouldings, vaults and joint surfaces. For this type of elements a photogrammetric survey was used, realised by photographic shootings for the restitution of the various elements and a topographical polygonal mesh for the orientation of the elements themselves. The second group includes the simplest environments that can directly be surveyed with the topographical tools. The third group is constituted by elements of the detail itself and by constructive details, surveyable with methodologies and traditional tools, through which it is possible to define with great precision formal characteristics of the archaeological structures. In the specific case, the survey methodology adopted in the first phase had the objective to determine the horizontal section through the individualization of the principal points useful to the geometric definition of the whole, of the different environments and of the single building structures. The second phase has been directed to a restitution of the elements in raising, delineated to vertical sections. To this purpose, a computer procedure has been used to allow the immediate visualization of the developed survey directly on the portable notebook screen. Subsequently all the data saved in the PC have been elaborated in order to integrate the measurements performed with traditional methods. The aims of this research are both setting up a quick and effective method of architectural and archaeological survey, that integrates the use of various methodologies and instrumentation’s, and the production of clear and exhaustive drawings. The final CAD drawings, characterised by the absence of repetitive textures for the description of the different wall typologies, therefore returns comprehensible and reliable images of the constructive and formal characteristics of the surveyed architecture.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.