Filosofia e teologia in dialogo nella "cristologia filosofica" di Xavier Tilliette

The project of a "philophical christology" - showed by Xavier Tilliette in Italy at Gallarate Study Congress in 1975, against Cornelio Fabro's opinion - leads nowadays to a new philosophical science (as the French Jesuit would like to call), based on Idea Christi (an a-priori of the reason in everyone) with a transcendental christology. Besides, there is an another access to the philophical christology, empiric or inductive one, that Tilliette doesn't love. It's the monographical christology of Henri Gouhier, for example, who describes Jesus only from moral viewpoint, Christ of the Gospels and of the Enlightenment, the Sage and the Master of Ethics. The third way of the philosophical christology is called by Tilliette "phenomenological", because it tries to connect the Idea Christi with Jesus of the history, in the person and conscience of the "Man's Son": it's a "Phenomenology of Christ", which studies the human-divine aspects of Jesus such as his body, his psychology, his holy sadness, his habit of living time, his kénosi. According to Tilliette, this phenomenological christology is represented by the contemporary christian philosophies of, for example, Maurice Blondel and Edith Stein, Teilhard de Chardin, Gustav Siewerth and Jean-Luc Marion.However, by phenomenological method the Idea Christi is necessarily schematized in symbols and representations, in the modern and contemporary literature and works of art especially, which have portrayed Christ's metamorphoses. This is the atheistic line of the no-believers Christ, from Jean-Paul Richter to Dostoevskij; then the cultural secularization has made Jesus schema or surrogate only.