Senza Rosa e senza Pugno? Considerazioni giuridico-simboliche sulla presenza elettorale dei radicali in Italia

Two lists of candidates called " Radicali " will take part in the next local elections in Milan and Rome, in a very delicate period for the Radicals in Italy: nobody of them has been elected to the European or the Italian Parliament and there is a conflict among the members of the radical associations about the political and electoral actions to pursue. First of all, this paper analyzes the evolution of the statute of the Italian Radical Party, of its organization and its transformation in the Nonviolent Radical Party Transnational and Transparty, with the creation of a " radical galaxy " of associations (including the political movement called Italian Radicals and the Pannella List, the " electoral " subject most employed by the Radicals). This is also the occasion to examine the party symbols and the electoral ones used by the Radicals, trying to consider their chronological evolution and their ownership, dealing also with confrontations and litigations about them (especially referring to " the Rose in the Fist " and to the use of the word " Radicali " when it is established that radical associations " as such " do not take part in elections).