Emplacement temperature estimation of the 2015 dome collapse of Volcán de Colima as key proxy for flow dynamics of confined and unconfined pyroclastic density currents

The recent 10th–11th of July 2015 Volcán de Colima eruption involved the collapse of the summit dome that breached to the south generating pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) along the Montegrande ravine on the southern flank of the volcano. Trees within the valley were buried, uprooted and variably transported by the PDCs, while the trees on the edges of the valley and on the overbanks, were mainly burned and folded. The emplacement temperature of valley confined and overbank PDC deposits were reconstructed using Partial Thermal Remanent Magnetization (pTRM) analysis of lithic clasts and Charcoal Reflectance analysis (Ro %) applied to the charred wood. A total of 13 sites were sampled for the pTRM study and 39 charcoaled wood fragments were collected for the charcoal optical analysis along the entire deposit length in order to detect temperature variation from proximal to distal zone. The result overlap from both data sets display a T max from ≃345°–385 °C in valley-confined area (from 3.5 to 8.5 km from the vent) and ≃170°–220 °C (from 8.0 to 10.5 km from the vent) in unconfined distal area. The emplacement temperature pattern along the 10.5 km long deposit appears related to the degree of topography confinement: valley confined and unconfined. In particular the valley confined setting is very conservative in terms of temperature, while the major drop occurs in a very narrow space where the PDC expanded over unconfined flat topography just at the exit of the main valley. This study represents the first attempt in determining the relationship between PDCs flow dynamics variation and topographic confining using deposit emplacement temperature as key proxy.