Eresia: Lessing oltre Lutero e Spinoza

I would like to dedicate my reflections to the following question: are dogma and heresy two indisputable and inseparable moments, or not? In response I will analyse the steps dedicated to heresy by heretical thinkers condemned both by Catholic and Jewish religious orthodoxy. They are Luther and Spinoza; I chose them not because they represent two different attacks on two different religious orthodoxies, but mainly because the anti-papist theologian and the Jewish philosopher can be considered nodal figures of a process that goes through them, and to a certain extent surpasses them, culminating in the secular vision of religion promoted by Lessing.