Three decades of studies on the Opera Nazionale per la Maternità e l’Infanzia (usually known by the acronym Onmi) have described objectives, purpose, characteristics and results of a State Agency created by Fascism, but already figured out by the liberal State to tackle maternal and child mortality and the abandonment of newly born babies. These phenomena were recorded in the democratic states, most of them engaged in counteracting the decrease of natality, for which different measures had been adopted. Despite being criticised for gaining results short of expectations, Onmi represented an attempt to change by means of assistance measures, through the education of mothers and the involvement of professional figures for “the improvement of the lineage”. An experiment that, though aimed at a higher national purpose, recognised the value of maternity and of its protection to the extent that its role was maintained also afterword in the democratic Italy.
Tre decenni di studi sull’Opera nazionale per la maternità e l’infanzia hanno descritto scopi, caratteri e risultati di un ente parastatale voluto dal fascismo, ma già immaginato dallo stato liberale per fronteggiare la mortalità materno-infantile e l’abbandono dei neonati. Fenomeni riscontrati nei paesi democratici, quasi tutti impegnati a limitare la denatalità, e ai quali furono dati risposte differenti. Pur essendo stata criticata per i risultati al di sotto delle aspettative, l’Onmi rappresentò un tentativo di cambiamento attraverso il varo di misure assistenziali, l’educazione delle madri e il coinvolgimento di figure professionali per il “miglioramento della stirpe”. Un esperimento che, pur guardando a un obiettivo nazionale reputato superiore, riconobbe il valore della maternità e della sua tutela così da garantire la continuazione della sua azione nell’Italia democratica.
Bartoloni, S. (2019). L'Opera nazionale per la maternità e l'infanzia: cianquanta anni di vita, trenta anni di ricerche. ITALIA CONTEMPORANEA, 289, 147-165 [10.3280/IC2019-289007].
L'Opera nazionale per la maternità e l'infanzia: cianquanta anni di vita, trenta anni di ricerche
Bartoloni Stefania
2019-01-01
Abstract
Three decades of studies on the Opera Nazionale per la Maternità e l’Infanzia (usually known by the acronym Onmi) have described objectives, purpose, characteristics and results of a State Agency created by Fascism, but already figured out by the liberal State to tackle maternal and child mortality and the abandonment of newly born babies. These phenomena were recorded in the democratic states, most of them engaged in counteracting the decrease of natality, for which different measures had been adopted. Despite being criticised for gaining results short of expectations, Onmi represented an attempt to change by means of assistance measures, through the education of mothers and the involvement of professional figures for “the improvement of the lineage”. An experiment that, though aimed at a higher national purpose, recognised the value of maternity and of its protection to the extent that its role was maintained also afterword in the democratic Italy.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.