This Letter describes the observation of the light-by-light scattering process, γγ→γγ, in Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt[s_NN]=5.02  TeV. The analysis is conducted using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.73  nb^-1, collected in November 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Light-by-light scattering candidates are selected in events with two photons produced exclusively, each with transverse energy E_T^γ>3  GeV and pseudorapidity |η_γ|<2.4, diphoton invariant mass above 6 GeV, and small diphoton transverse momentum and acoplanarity. After applying all selection criteria, 59 candidate events are observed for a background expectation of 12±3 events. The observed excess of events over the expected background has a significance of 8.2 standard deviations. The measured fiducial cross section is 78±13(stat)±7(syst)±3(lumi)  nb.

Aad, G., Abbott, B., Abbott, D.C., Abdinov, O., Abed Abud, A., Abeling, K., et al. (2019). Observation of Light-by-Light Scattering in Ultraperipheral Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 123(5), 052001 [10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.052001].

Observation of Light-by-Light Scattering in Ultraperipheral Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector

Ceradini F.;D'Amico V.;Di Micco B.;Di Nardo R.;Martinelli L.;