Among the many mythological versions of the figure of Hypatia that have developed throughout history and have changed or distorted it, this paper focuses on the two most recent and most prevalent, now that the myth of Hypatia is no longer elite but widespread: the one presented by history of science studies and the one offered by feminist literature. Regarding the version of Hypatia offered by historians of mathematics, physics and astronomy, this article compares modern hypotheses with ancient sources, demonstrating that the myth of Hypatia as 'Galileo in skirts' is a fallacy: a retrospective projection of the repressive methods of the Catholic Counter-Reformation onto the fifth-century political and ecclesiastical scenario. With reference to the version of Hypatia presented by feminist literature, the article compares and contrasts the Byzantine image of Hypatia and her sisters in philosophy with that of the feminist or postfeminist movement, starting with information obtained from her contemporaries and generally from ancient literature on philosophae mulieres: a succession only of women, depositary of the oral tradition of those divine “secrets” that Synesius, Hypatia’s best known pupil, mentions in Dion when referring to her. As a result, we conclude that Hypatia was unquestionably a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher on the one hand, though not an innovative one; and a priest on the other, in an obscure but no less credible role. An inspired observer of the cosmos and “introducer of the mysteries and orgies of the φιλοσοφία”, a figure not uncommon in fields of knowledge where the perfection of numbers has often been associated with Platonic and neo-Pythagorian mysticism.
Tra le varie versioni mitologiche che nel corso della storia della cultura si sono impossessate della figura di Ipazia e l’hanno trasformata o distorta, questo articolo ha scelto di soffermarsi sulle due più recenti: quella presentata dagli studi di storia della scienza e quella offerta dalla letteratura femminista, le più diffuse oggi che il mito di Ipazia non è più di élite ma di massa. Quanto alla versione di Ipazia presentata dagli storici della matematica, della fisica e dell’astronomia, l’articolo confronta ipotesi e illazioni moderne con l’evidenza delle fonti antiche, per dimostrare la fallacia del mito di Ipazia come “Galileo in gonnella”, che sembra avere proiettato retrospettivamente sullo scenario politico-ecclesiastico del V secolo le modalità repressive della Chiesa cattolica della Controriforma. Nel trattare, in secondo luogo, la versione di Ipazia diffusa dalla letteratura femminista, l’articolo confronta e contrappone l’immagine che di Ipazia e delle sue “sorelle” avevano i bizantini a quella del movimento femminista e postfemminista, attingendo alle notizie dei contemporanei e alla letteratura antica sulle philosophae mulieres: una successione di sole donne, depositaria di quella tradizione orale dei ‘segreti’ del platonismo cui anche Sinesio accenna nel Dione in riferimento a Ipazia. La conclusione è che Ipazia fu da un lato indiscutibilmente una filosofa, una matematica e un’astronoma, anche se non un’innovatrice in queste discipline; nell’altra faccia, più oscura ma non meno credibile, una sacerdotessa, osservatrice ispirata del cosmo e “iniziatrice ai misteri e alle orge della φιλοσοφία” platonica e neopitagorica: una figura non certamente insolita nel campo del sapere in cui la perfezione dei numeri ha spesso rappresentato una mistica a sé e in cui la trasmissione orale dei più alti ‘segreti’ è stata spesso affidata al suo sesso femminile.
Ronchey, S. (2023). Υπατία: Μεταξύ μύθου και ιστορίας. PAREKVOLAI, 13, 93-113 [10.26262/par.v13i0.9559].
Υπατία: Μεταξύ μύθου και ιστορίας
silvia ronchey
2023-01-01
Abstract
Among the many mythological versions of the figure of Hypatia that have developed throughout history and have changed or distorted it, this paper focuses on the two most recent and most prevalent, now that the myth of Hypatia is no longer elite but widespread: the one presented by history of science studies and the one offered by feminist literature. Regarding the version of Hypatia offered by historians of mathematics, physics and astronomy, this article compares modern hypotheses with ancient sources, demonstrating that the myth of Hypatia as 'Galileo in skirts' is a fallacy: a retrospective projection of the repressive methods of the Catholic Counter-Reformation onto the fifth-century political and ecclesiastical scenario. With reference to the version of Hypatia presented by feminist literature, the article compares and contrasts the Byzantine image of Hypatia and her sisters in philosophy with that of the feminist or postfeminist movement, starting with information obtained from her contemporaries and generally from ancient literature on philosophae mulieres: a succession only of women, depositary of the oral tradition of those divine “secrets” that Synesius, Hypatia’s best known pupil, mentions in Dion when referring to her. As a result, we conclude that Hypatia was unquestionably a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher on the one hand, though not an innovative one; and a priest on the other, in an obscure but no less credible role. An inspired observer of the cosmos and “introducer of the mysteries and orgies of the φιλοσοφία”, a figure not uncommon in fields of knowledge where the perfection of numbers has often been associated with Platonic and neo-Pythagorian mysticism.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.