Italian Jews and their ‘political’ reactions to the fascist regime’s anti-Semitic campaign

The essay intends to emphasize the political redefinition of Italian Jews in reaction to the fascist aggression and its different answers "organized", based on unpublished archival documentation. Since 1934 they arose strong divisions within Italian Judaism: the real issue of contention, however, did not reside in the attitude towards fascism, but in the judgment on Zionism and postponed, as we shall see, a long-standing dynamics. A group of Jews, said ‘bandieristi’ from magazine around which were gathered from the title "La Nostra bandiera", on the basis of a "fascistest" program and anti-Zionist, tried to replace the official establishment of the Jewish representatives, Union Community of Italian Jewish, as a reference to the fascist authorities. The Union was accused by ‘bandieristi’ of being complicit with international Jewry and Zionism. The confrontation with fascism exasperated the Italian Judaism internal contradictions, putting in long-term dynamic light that preceded fascism and survived in the early postwar years.