The study analyzes the hypothesis according to which morality clauses in sports contracts represent a limit to private autonomy, attributable to the traditional concept of boni mores. These are forms of pre-constitution of the non-fulfilment case, linked to the moral conduct of the athlete’s person and not to his own performance. The boundary is blurred with the field of personal life choices, which although completely legitimate, could cause confusion over notoriety’s degree before third parties. Morality clauses, according to the US legal experience, are promoted as a negotiating tool through which contractual parties pursue objectives of moralization of subjects (athletes, companies, etc…) which belong to the sports system, but also to allow the party who imposes these provisions to significantly reduce his own contractual risk. It has to be asked if the progressive evolution of the notion of morality may today offer useful ideas to address some issues concerning morality clauses, especially with regard to potential limits to their admissibility and the identification of the parameter by which giving them legal concretization. The analysis of the morality limit’s updated scope is conducted, therefore, not only in the perspective of the general theory of the contract but also in the light of modern negotiation practice (especially in sports law).
Lo studio analizza l’ipotesi secondo la quale le morality clauses rappresentino nella contrattazione sportiva un limite all’autonomia dei privati, riconducibile al tradizionale limite dei boni mores. Si tratta di forme di precostituzione dell’inadempimento, legate alla condotta morale della persona dell’atleta e non alla sua prestazione strettamente intesa. Labile è il confine con l’adozione di scelte di vita, che pur essendo del tutto legittime, potrebbero provocare un offuscamento della notorietà davanti ai terzi. Le morality clauses, secondo l’esperienza giuridica statunitense, vengono promosse quale strumento negoziale tramite il quale perseguire obiettivi di moralizzazione dei soggetti (atleti, società, ecc…) che appartengono all’ordinamento sportivo, ma anche per consentire al soggetto che le impone di ridurre sensibilmente il rischio contrattuale a proprio carico. Ci si chiede se la progressiva evoluzione della nozione di buon costume possa oggi offrire spunti utili ad affrontare alcune problematiche che riguardano le morality clauses, specialmente per quanto concerne gli eventuali limiti alla loro ammissibilità e l’individuazione del parametro alla cui stregua dare loro concreta applicazione nel nostro ordinamento. La riflessione sulla portata attualizzata del limite del buon costume è condotta, quindi, non solo nella prospettiva della teoria generale del contratto ma anche della moderna prassi negoziale (in specie di diritto sportivo).
Battelli, E. (2024). Morality clauses e attualità della clausola di buon costume. TEORIA E PRASSI DEL DIRITTO, 3-28.
Morality clauses e attualità della clausola di buon costume
Ettore Battelli
2024-01-01
Abstract
The study analyzes the hypothesis according to which morality clauses in sports contracts represent a limit to private autonomy, attributable to the traditional concept of boni mores. These are forms of pre-constitution of the non-fulfilment case, linked to the moral conduct of the athlete’s person and not to his own performance. The boundary is blurred with the field of personal life choices, which although completely legitimate, could cause confusion over notoriety’s degree before third parties. Morality clauses, according to the US legal experience, are promoted as a negotiating tool through which contractual parties pursue objectives of moralization of subjects (athletes, companies, etc…) which belong to the sports system, but also to allow the party who imposes these provisions to significantly reduce his own contractual risk. It has to be asked if the progressive evolution of the notion of morality may today offer useful ideas to address some issues concerning morality clauses, especially with regard to potential limits to their admissibility and the identification of the parameter by which giving them legal concretization. The analysis of the morality limit’s updated scope is conducted, therefore, not only in the perspective of the general theory of the contract but also in the light of modern negotiation practice (especially in sports law).I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.