Electrochemical Oxidation of Theophylline in Organic Solvents: HPLC‐PDA‐ESI‐MS/MS Analysis of the Oxidation Products

The electrochemical oxidation of theophylline was investigated by controlled potential electrolysis in two different organic solvents and in water for comparison. The anodic oxidation was monitored by cyclic voltammetry in situ and UV-Vis spectrophotometry ex situ and the final electrolyzed solutions were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry after chromatographic separation with an HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS system. The main oxidation products evidenced as the main diode array chromatographic peaks were tentatively assigned to dimeric forms of theophylline, two of which have never been reported before, on the base of retention time, UV-Vis spectrum, m/z ratio in both positive and negative ESI modes and fragmentation pattern. Two chemical paths following the primary mono-electronic anodic oxidation of theophylline to the final evidenced oxidation products have been proposed.