LEDs for Underwater Optical Wireless Communication

LEDs are readily controllable and demonstrate rapid switching capabilities. These attributes facilitate their efficient integration across a broad spectrum of applications. Indeed, their inherent versatility renders them ideally suited for diverse sectors, including consumer electronics, traffic signage, automotive technology, and architectural illumination. Furthermore, LEDs serve as effective light sources for applications in spectroscopy, agriculture, pest control, and wireless optical transmission. The capability to choice high-efficiency LED devices with a specified dominant wavelength renders them particularly well-suited for integration into underwater optical communication systems. In this paper, we present the state-of-the-art of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for use in underwater wireless optical communications (UOWC). In particular, we focus on the challenges posed by water turbidity and evaluate the optimal wavelengths for communication in coastal environments, especially in the presence of chlorophyll or suspended particulate matter. Given the growing development and applications of underwater optical communication, it is crucial that the topic becomes not only a subject of research but also part of the curricula in technical school and universities. To this end, we introduce a simple and cost-effective UOWC system designed for educational purposes. Some tests have been conducted to evaluate the system’s performance, and the results have been reported.