El fenomen de les perifèries és modern, va néixer durant el segle XIX.No obstant això, les definicions tradicionals no són adequades per descriure avui les dinàmiques complexes que involucren les grans (i menys grans) àrees urbanes. Per tant, per parlar de la perifèria cal revisar el significat d'aquesta paraula i investigar les perifèries urbanes contemporànies des de diferents perspectives.L'estudi dels fenòmens territorials ha estat durant molt temps la prerrogativa de diverses disciplines: planificació urbana, geografia, sociologia, antropologia, economia, etc., són unes de les que han contribuït a enriquir la informació patrimonial sobre la ciutat i el territori. Sobretot, pel que fa al fenomen de la sub-urbanització, en la seva base hi ha un clar component cultural. El desafiament que sorgeix avui és el de la integració entre les plataformes de dades i l'intercanvi. L'objectiu és crear una base de dades d'informació permanent capaç de donar suport a les eleccions de polítiques i les estratègies d'intervenció.Aquest estudi integra l'enfocament d'Estudis Urbans amb el de Geografia Urbana, superposant tècniques per llegir fenòmens urbans basats en eines GeogràfiquesL'escena romana és un ric contenidor de perifèries, diferents i desiguals, sovint l'escena d'una degradació generalitzada. Sorgeixen, en la majoria dels casos, des del final de la Segona Guerra Mundial i segueixen creixent fins avui, només en part seguint el disseny general dels plans urbans. A Roma, les incomoditats dels nous barris perifèrics, principalment dissenyades pel Pla de l'any 1965 consisteixen en dificultats de mobilitat i congestió del trànsit, manca d'homogeneïtat de distribució i escassetat de serveis públics i una dilatació general de les distàncies i dels desplaçaments. El resultat hodierno és un mosaic amb moltes peces per fer, fragments urbans que produeixen fragmentació espacial i on només casos esporàdics de mobilització espontània per part de grups de ciutadans han corregit la situació de fet, redissenyant parcialment les perifèries en qüestió.L'expansió de Roma cap al mar va travessar el segle passat. Aquesta àrea, durant les dècades posteriors al final de la Segona Guerra Mundial, s'ha convertit en una immensa perifèria que ha arribat a més de 120,000 habitants en una àrea cinc vegades més gran que la ciutat propera d'Ostia Lido (que, però, té menys de 100,000 habitants) i una densitat de població que no supera els 25 habitants per hectàrea. És una perifèria heterogènia, predominantment il·legal, que uneix l'absència substancial d'espais de relacions públiques i de llocs centrals, al caràcter provisional que accentua el seu caràcter perifèric.És una perifèria heterogènia, predominantment il·legal, que uneix l'absència substancial d'espais públics de relacions, de llocs centrals, a la naturalesa provisional que accentua el seu caràcter perifèric. En aquesta àrea, el procés d'assentament, després de la Segona Guerra Mundial, comença a causa de les necessitats bàsiques: viure, treballar, etc. No obstant això, entre els anys Cinquanta-Seixanta del segle XX va començar a canviar els seus caràcters cap al model nord-americà del suburbi. Durant trenta anys s'han transformat els conceptes de vida, de ciutat i de perifèria. Però aquest fenomen està acompanyat per un deteriorament sensible de la qualitat de vida i, en conseqüència, del medi ambient. L'anàlisi de l'ús del sòl ha confirmat aquest canvi, retornant un model d'assentament periurbà / suburbà amb densitat baixa o molt baixa, on un nombre molt baix d'habitants s'oposa a un consum de sòl significatiu. Per tant, intervenir en la perifèria implica una opinió sobre la perifèria que és substancialment diferent del sentiment dels que hi viuen. Per a ells, aquest model de ciutat no és necessàriament negatiu, sinó que té una sèrie de problemes urbanístics relacionats amb la mobilitat, els serveis públics, la seguretat urbana, etc. L'assaig d'indicar les diferents opcions per a la regeneració urbana dels suburbis contemporanis. Des de la Grilla Teòrica (Vittorini, 1985; Cerasoli, 2010), un instrument de rehabilitació de les perifèries finalitzats a la reorganització de l'estructura espacial, els elements són la qualitat de l'espai públic de relació, la permeabilitat de l'estructura urbana i la complexitat dels usos. Fins a les consideracions que sorgeixen dels ensenyaments recents de Serge Latouche, teòric de l'economia del decreixement, de Zigmund Bauman, qui va introduir el concepte de societat líquida, fins arribar a l'Encíclica Laudato Si 'de Papa Francisco, que és un tractat de política territorial sostenible.
The outskirt phenomenon is modern; it was born during the nineteenth century.The traditional definitions, however, are unsuitable to describe today the complex dynamics that involve large (and less large) urban areas. Therefore, to speak about outskirt it is necessary to review the meaning of this word and investigate the contemporary urban peripheries from different perspectives.The study of territorial phenomena has long been the prerogative of various disciplines: urban planning, geography, sociology, anthropology, economics, etc. are among those that have contributed to enriching the heritage information on city and territory. Above all, as regards the phenomenon of suburbanization, at their base there is a clear cultural component. The challenge that arises today is that of integration between data and sharing platforms. The goal is to build a permanent information baggage able to support policy choices and intervention strategies. This study integrates the approach of Urban Studies with that of Urban Geography, superimposing techniques for reading urban phenomena based on geographical tools.The Roman scene is a rich box of outskirts, different and uneven, often the scene of a widespread degradation. They arise, in most cases, since the end of the World War II and growing until today, only in part following the overall design of urban plans. In Rome, the discomforts of the new peripheral neighbourhoods, principally designed by the 1965 Urban Plan consist in difficulties of mobility and traffic congestion, distribution inhomogeneity and scarcity of public services and an overall dilation of distances and displacements. Today´s result is a mosaic with many missing pieces, urban fragments that produce spatial fragmentation and where only sporadic cases of spontaneous mobilization by groups of citizens have correct the factual situation, partially redeveloping the outskirts concerned.The expansion of Rome towards the sea went through the last century. This area over the decades following the end of World War II has become an immense outskirt that has reached more than 120,000 inhabitants in an area five times larger than the nearest city of Ostia Lido (which, however, has just under 100,000 inhabitants) and a population density that does not exceed 25 inhabitants per hectare. It is a heterogeneous outskirt, prevalently illegal, that unites the substantial absence of public space of relations, of central places, to the provisional nature that accentuates its peripheral character. In this area the settlement process, after the Second World War, begins due to basic needs- living, working, etc. -, however between the Fifties and Sixties of twentieth century it began to change its characters towards the North American model of the Suburb. During thirty years the concepts of living, of city and of outskirt have been transformed. But this phenomenon is accompanied by a sensitive decay of the quality of life and, consequently, of the environment.The land use analysis has confirmed this change, returning a peri-urban / suburban settlement model with low or very low density, where a very low number of inhabitants are opposed to a significant land consumption. Therefore, to intervene in the outskirt implies an opinion about the outskirts that is substantially different from the feeling of those who live there. For them, this model of city is not necessarily negative but has a series of urban planning problems related to mobility, the public services, urban security, etc.The essay will indicate the different options for urban regeneration of contemporary suburbs. It will range from the Theoretical grid (Vittorini, 1988; Cerasoli, 2008), an instrument of rehabilitation of the peripheries finalized to the reorganization of the spatial structure, whose elements are the quality of the public space of relation, the permeability of the urban structure and the complexity of the uses. Up to considerations that arise from the recent teachings of Serge Latouche, theoretician of the economy of degrowth, of Zigmund Bauman, who introduced the concept of liquid society, until arriving at the Encyclical Laudato Si’ of Pope Francis, that is a treaty of sustainable territorial policy.
Cerasoli, M., Estanqueiro, R. (2018). Rome outskirts: multidisciplinary survey on the transformation of settlement models. In Libro de proceedings, CTV 2018: XII Congreso Internacional Ciudad y Territorio Virtual: “Ciudades y Territorios Inteligentes”: UNCuyo, Mendoza, 5-7 septiembre 2018 (pp.97-113). Barcelona : Centre de Politica de Sol i Valoracions, CPSV / Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, UPC [10.5821/ctv.8235].
Rome outskirts: multidisciplinary survey on the transformation of settlement models
cerasoli mario;
2018-01-01
Abstract
The outskirt phenomenon is modern; it was born during the nineteenth century.The traditional definitions, however, are unsuitable to describe today the complex dynamics that involve large (and less large) urban areas. Therefore, to speak about outskirt it is necessary to review the meaning of this word and investigate the contemporary urban peripheries from different perspectives.The study of territorial phenomena has long been the prerogative of various disciplines: urban planning, geography, sociology, anthropology, economics, etc. are among those that have contributed to enriching the heritage information on city and territory. Above all, as regards the phenomenon of suburbanization, at their base there is a clear cultural component. The challenge that arises today is that of integration between data and sharing platforms. The goal is to build a permanent information baggage able to support policy choices and intervention strategies. This study integrates the approach of Urban Studies with that of Urban Geography, superimposing techniques for reading urban phenomena based on geographical tools.The Roman scene is a rich box of outskirts, different and uneven, often the scene of a widespread degradation. They arise, in most cases, since the end of the World War II and growing until today, only in part following the overall design of urban plans. In Rome, the discomforts of the new peripheral neighbourhoods, principally designed by the 1965 Urban Plan consist in difficulties of mobility and traffic congestion, distribution inhomogeneity and scarcity of public services and an overall dilation of distances and displacements. Today´s result is a mosaic with many missing pieces, urban fragments that produce spatial fragmentation and where only sporadic cases of spontaneous mobilization by groups of citizens have correct the factual situation, partially redeveloping the outskirts concerned.The expansion of Rome towards the sea went through the last century. This area over the decades following the end of World War II has become an immense outskirt that has reached more than 120,000 inhabitants in an area five times larger than the nearest city of Ostia Lido (which, however, has just under 100,000 inhabitants) and a population density that does not exceed 25 inhabitants per hectare. It is a heterogeneous outskirt, prevalently illegal, that unites the substantial absence of public space of relations, of central places, to the provisional nature that accentuates its peripheral character. In this area the settlement process, after the Second World War, begins due to basic needs- living, working, etc. -, however between the Fifties and Sixties of twentieth century it began to change its characters towards the North American model of the Suburb. During thirty years the concepts of living, of city and of outskirt have been transformed. But this phenomenon is accompanied by a sensitive decay of the quality of life and, consequently, of the environment.The land use analysis has confirmed this change, returning a peri-urban / suburban settlement model with low or very low density, where a very low number of inhabitants are opposed to a significant land consumption. Therefore, to intervene in the outskirt implies an opinion about the outskirts that is substantially different from the feeling of those who live there. For them, this model of city is not necessarily negative but has a series of urban planning problems related to mobility, the public services, urban security, etc.The essay will indicate the different options for urban regeneration of contemporary suburbs. It will range from the Theoretical grid (Vittorini, 1988; Cerasoli, 2008), an instrument of rehabilitation of the peripheries finalized to the reorganization of the spatial structure, whose elements are the quality of the public space of relation, the permeability of the urban structure and the complexity of the uses. Up to considerations that arise from the recent teachings of Serge Latouche, theoretician of the economy of degrowth, of Zigmund Bauman, who introduced the concept of liquid society, until arriving at the Encyclical Laudato Si’ of Pope Francis, that is a treaty of sustainable territorial policy.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.