Acoustic characteristics and defects of adhesion of ancient construction materials using the PICUS system

The text discusses the applications of the PICUS system in comparison to traditional auscultation techniques for analyzing detachments in historical and artistic artifacts. Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques, although valuable for assessing the condition of materials and structures, face limitations in terms of feasibility, optimal operational conditions, and potential risks to delicate objects. In practical work environments, conservator-restorers often rely on traditional auscultation techniques, involving tapping the surface and observing vibrations, due to their accessibility, simplicity, and costeffectiveness. These techniques provide immediate tactile feedback and insights into the condition and integrity of the artwork. However, they are subjective and rely on the expertise of the conservator-restorer. Overall, a combination of PICUS techniques and traditional auscultation can enhance the understanding of artifacts while considering practical constraints.