Design of self-reconfigurable Huygens metasurfaces for antenna applications

In recent years, phase-gradient Huygens metasurfaces (HMS) have emerged as a promising technology for beam-steering and beam-forming applications in antennas. Traditionally, HMSs have been designed with fixed responses tailored to specific frequencies limiting their adaptability in dynamic environments. In this contribution, we introduce the design of self-reconfigurable HMSs capable of adjusting their phase gradients in response to both the frequency and temporal waveform of impinging signals. We discuss a design procedure for synthesizing the reconfigurable cells, leveraging a cascade configuration of reactive impedance sheets. We show that a dynamic phase modulation can be achieved through a careful selection and manipulation of the impedance layers.