Integrating Structural Form Finding and Architectural Design with a Holistic Teaching Approach

The research explores a holistic approach to architectural and structural design through theoretical, numerical, digital, physical, and design-based tools. This methodology is provided by the course “Gusci e Membrane: Ricerca e Ottimizzazione di Forma” (“Shells and Membranes: Form finding and Optimization”, held in the Department of Architecture at RomaTre University), which emphasizes an educational framework where theoretical studies, numerical analysis and digital and physical modelling evolve alongside meta-design explorations. The study focuses on the development of shell and membrane structures through form finding strategies: digital simulations using Grasshopper (Kangaroo) and FEA (SAP2000) were combined with physical models such as Isler’s inverted hanging models and elastic fabrics for membranes and tensile structures. These tools are then integrated with architectural design, which considers functional, urban, and aesthetic constraints, enabling new structural-aware and innovative design strategies. The research also involves the course “Tecniche di Rappresentazione” (“Representation Techniques”), integrating real-time rendering (Enscape) and virtual reality visualization (Unreal Engine) to enhance the spatial perception. VR was tested as a powerful educational tool, enabling an immersive and critical evaluation of the aesthetic and functional quality of these architectures and their geometrical complexity.