Experimental Characterization of a Novel Wave Energy Converter: Preliminary Results from Laboratory Testing

Wave energy has significant potential as a renewable energy source, but its large-scale deployment is hampered by challenges related to technological maturity and economic viability. Nevertheless, the development of reliable and efficient Wave Energy Converters (WECs) remains a critical frontier of research. This article presents the preliminary experimental characterization of a new small-scale prototype WEC with an oscillating body and point absorber. The study focuses on validating the fundamental principle of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy through a series of controlled laboratory tests. The experimental methodology uses a dedicated test bench, where a motor-crank mechanism simulates the regular motion induced by waves under various conditions. Two distinct amplitudes of motion (10 cm and 20 cm peak-to-peak) and two oscillation frequencies (0.45 Hz and 0.60 Hz) were studied. Key performance indicators, including generator shaft speed and electrical power output, were acquired using a comprehensive suite of sensors, achieving a maximum power output of 2.4 ± 0.9 W under the most energetic test conditions. A key feature of the proposed device is its unique energy conversion system, which employs a double planetary transmission and a counterweight-based tensioning mechanism to ensure continuous engagement with the mooring line. This work provides the first experimental validation of this conversion principle, establishing a fundamental baseline for performance.