Structural Assessment of the Propylaea Church Archaeological Remains in Jerash (Jordan) Using 3D Discrete Element Modelling

The study presents the structural analysis of the remaining portion of the wall of the diaconia attached to the Church of the Propylaea in Jerash (Jordan), dating back to the 6th century AD. A 3D Distinct Element Modelling (DEM) approach was used with 3DEC software. A photogrammetric survey provided a dense three-dimensional point cloud, which was subsequently optimised for geometric modelling. The 3D DEM model, consisting of rigid blocks and nonlinear contacts, was generated using a parametric script in Grasshopper and imported into 3DEC for numerical analysis. The physical-mechanical properties of the materials were chosen based on the literature and on the state of degradation. A quasi-static analysis was conducted to identify the equilibrium configuration under gravity loads, followed by a dynamic simulation under a seismic input. The results highlight the critical role of discontinuities and damage state in the structural behaviour of archaeological heritage and the contribution provided by 3D discrete element models for assessment and rehabilitation design.